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The teaching concerns of engineering educators offer one lens for thinking about how to support engineering educators' efforts to improve their teaching. In this study, we collected narrative accounts of teaching consultations between engineering educators and an instructional consultant. Transcripts of these accounts were coded for individual teaching concerns, which were then interpreted from the perspective of existing models and also aggregated into themes. We discuss our findings by using them to highlight ways in which engineering educators are already thinking effectively, to suggest how the adoption of innovation and professional problem‐solving can serve as promising frameworks for thinking about teaching activity, and to suggest that additional research on engineering teaching take advantage of distributed cognition models to truly understand how our students are taught.

Empirically Derived Design Principles for Engineering Educator Resources

Background Eutrophication, followed by re-oligotrophication during lake restoration, in many perialpine lakes has caused changes to the biodiversity and functioning of freshwater ecosystems. In Lake Geneva, total phosphorus (TP) concentration has reduced since the 1970-80s and the yearly average is now close to the upper value of the target range of 10–15 µg/L. For over 60 years the lake has been monitored at SHL2, the central, deepest point in the Eastern basin, complemented by data from GE3 in the Western basin. Selection of these reference points was based on a lake-wide TP analysis in the 1950s. Lake Geneva is a popular fishing destination for anglers and over 100 commercial fishers, who have expressed concerns that further TP reductions could damage the sustainability of their livelihoods. They have called for a re-evaluation of the historical sampling points to determine whether SHL2 and GE3 can still be considered representative for lake nutrient concentrations. Results We present the scientific and societal impacts of CoFish, a co-designed research project between scientists and fishers of Lake Geneva. To reassess the spatial variability of TP, we collected integrated water samples across the lake, using stoppered hosepipes as a collection instrument. In this article, we present four key messages: i) there was spatial variation in phosphorus levels, and in most cases the two long-term monitoring stations fall within an acceptable range of variability; ii) the concentrations of phosphorus are generally low, at levels that could impact plankton development; iii) citizen science complemented long-term monitoring for a more spatially extensive dataset; iv) the co-design process resulted in community empowerment and a willingness to further collaborate. Conclusions The management implications of this work are that using a single reference sampling point to represent the lake basin is practical but not straightforward. In the discussion we advocate for a re-evaluation of the TP targets, given radical changes in the lake’s physical structure and food web. We further highlight the important role of engaging fishers in citizen science, which in CoFish resulted in bridging existing gaps between lake management, science and fisheries, providing a broader basis for lake conservation.

The push to create greater transparency and accountability in Yemen's government culminated in the Anti-Corruption Law No. 39, ratified by Parliament in December 2006.281 This law establishes a National Supreme Anti-Corruption Authority (NSACA) made up of figures from the public and private sector, as well as civil society, who together act as a watchdog over all governmental bodies, investigating acts of corruption, and retaining the authority to seize and confiscate corrupt proceeds.282 The NSACA will have political and financial independence from the executive branch, and it is hoped will engender more confidence in Yemen's political system by foreign donors and its citizens.283 The Yemeni government's reform efforts, which began in early 2006 and continued throughout 2007, were noted and duly rewarded by foreign aid donors.