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Recovering precious metals (PMs) from diverse waste sources, including electronic waste (E-waste), mining residues, and industrial effluents, has become a critical focus due to their immense economic value and limited natural reserves. Nanoadsorbents, renowned for their high surface area, tunable surface properties, and exceptional physicochemical characteristics, have emerged as highly promising candidates for the efficient recovery of metals such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd). However, the full realization of their potential remains in its infancy, necessitating further research and significant advancements to optimize their efficiency. This review highlights two cutting-edge materials—porous carbons and metal–organic frameworks that stand out for their extraordinary surface areas, customizable properties, and selective adsorption capabilities, making them particularly suitable for PM recovery. Additionally, the review provides a critical evaluation of the advantages and limitations of these materials, offering a roadmap for selecting and enhancing adsorbents for PM recovery. We believe that this comprehensive analysis will drive innovation in material development, facilitating more efficient recovery of precious metals from waste streams. Graphical abstract

Given the rapid growth and emerging trend of e-commerce have changed consumer preferences to buy online, this study analyzes the current Indian legal framework that protects online consumers’ interests. A thorough analysis of the two newly enacted laws, i.e., the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 and Consumer Protection (E-commerce) Rules, 2020 and literature review support analysis of 290 online consumers answering the research questions and achieving research objectives. The significant findings are that a secure and reliable system is essential for e-business firms to work successfully; cash on delivery is the priority option for online shopping; website information and effective customer care services build a customer's trust. The new regulations are arguably strong enough to protect and safeguard online consumers' rights and boost India’s e-commerce growth. Besides factors such as security, privacy, warranty, customer service, and website information, laws governing consumer rights protection in e-commerce influence customers’ trust. Growing e-commerce looks promising with a robust legal framework and consumer protection measures. The findings contribute to the body of knowledge on e-commerce and consumer rights protection by elucidating the key factors that affect customer trust and loyalty and offering an informative perspective on e-consumer protection in the Indian context with broader implications.

The rising frequency, intensity, and persistence of temperature and dry-climate extremes such as heatwaves, very hot days and nights, and prolonged dry spells, pose significant challenges to ecosystems and human well-being. Accurately characterizing these extremes is crucial for informing watershed management strategies aimed at building ecosystem resilience and guiding sustainable water resource planning. This study addresses a critical knowledge gap by examining how dry climate extreme indices (CEIs) influence fractional evapotranspiration (fET) across global watershed systems, specifically quantifying how watershed characteristics modulate these relationships. Methodologically, we applied a Random Forest (RF) regression framework integrated with SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) to quantify the coupling strength between CEIs and fET and to identify the most influential watershed attributes. Our findings reveal that soil texture and topography distinctly modulate responses to short- versus long-duration dry events. For instance, watersheds with higher silt content exhibit greater water retention capacity, supporting sustained fET during extended dry periods. In terms of temperature extremes, heatwave metrics provide nuanced insights into vegetation stress: Heatwave Amplitude (HWA) triggers immediate physiological responses, while heatwave magnitude (HWM) captures longer-term adaptive potential. These insights provide a scalable framework for integrating watershed physical transitions into proactive climate resilience planning.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to pose a significant public health problem in terms of mortality and economic loss. Health authorities of several countries including India have formulated action plans for its containment. In this fight against AMR, it is important to realize the contribution by all the following four spheres: humans, animals, food and environment. This review incorporates all the spheres of One Health concept from the Indian perspective. India has one of the highest rates of resistance to antimicrobial agents used both in humans and food animals. The environment, especially the water bodies, have also reported the presence of resistant organisms or their genes. Specific socio-economic and cultural factors prevalent in India make the containment of resistance more challenging. Injudicious use of antimicrobials and inadequate treatment of waste waters are important drivers of AMR in India. Use of sludge in agriculture, improper discard of livestock animals and aquaculture industry are considered AMR contributors in other countries but Indian data regarding these are lacking. Efforts to combat AMR have been initiated by the Indian health authorities but are still at preliminary stages. Keeping in view the challenges unique to India, future directions are proposed.

Re-examines contemporary Bollywood films using postmodernist film theory. Applying postmodern concepts and locating postmodern motifs in key commercial Hindi films, this innovative study reveals how Indian cinema has changed in the 21st century. Equipping readers with an alternative method of reading contemporary Indian cinema, Bollywood and Postmodernism takes Indian film studies beyond the exhausted theme of diaspora, and exposes a new decade of aesthetic experimentation and textual appropriation in mainstream Bombay cinema. A bold celebration of contemporary Bollywood texts, this book radically redefines Indian film and persuasively argues for its seriousness as a field of study in world cinema.

Addressing impacts of flash droughts (FDs) on the water-food nexus requires a understanding of FD mechanisms and drivers at the watershed level. Examining climatic drivers, dry and wet spell lengths from 1980 to 2019, we analyzed FD spatial and temporal characteristics, emphasizing areal extent, onset time, and duration. Our findings reveal substantial variations in FDs among different watersheds. Notably, watersheds in the Southern Hemisphere are witnessing expanding, faster-developing, and longer-lasting FDs, aligning with climate variations in precipitation and temperature. Additionally, at the watershed scale, the onset and duration of FDs are more influenced by the intensity (magnitude and variability) of climatic drivers than the average length of wet and dry periods. FD-extents, however, correlate with both climatic conditions and wet and dry periods, underscoring watershed connectivity. Ultimately, our results underscore the necessity for research to comprehend the interplay between FDs and watershed characteristics and how it manifests in overall water resource management.

Pesticides, due to their lucrative outcomes, are majorly implicated in agricultural fields for crop production enhancement. Due to their pest removal properties, pesticides of various classes have been designed to persist in the environment over a longer duration after their application to achieve maximum effectiveness. Apart from their recalcitrant structure and agricultural benefits, pesticides also impose acute toxicological effects onto the other various life forms. Their accumulation in the living system may prove to be detrimental if established in higher concentrations. Thus, their prompt and accurate analysis is a crucial matter of concern. Conventional techniques like chromatographic techniques (HPLC, GC, etc.) used for pesticides detection are associated with various limitations like stumpy sensitivity and efficiency, time consumption, laboriousity, requirement of expensive equipments and highly trained technicians, and many more. So there is a need to recruit the methods which can detect these neurotoxic compounds sensitively, selectively, rapidly, and easily in the field. Present work is a brief review of the pesticide effects, their current usage scenario, permissible limits in various food stuffs and 21st century advancements of biosensor technology for pesticide detection. Due to their exceptional performance capabilities, easiness in operation and on-site working, numerous biosensors have been developed for bio-monitoring of various environmental samples for pesticide evaluation immensely throughout the globe. Till date, based on sensing element (enzyme based, antibody based, etc.) and type of detection method used (Electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric, etc.), a number of biosensors have been developed for pesticide detection. In present communication, authors have summarized 21st century’s approaches of biosensor technology for pesticide detection such as enzyme-based biosensors, immunosensors, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, and biochips technology. Also, the major technological advancements of nanotechnology in the field of biosensor technology are discussed. Various biosensors mentioned in manuscript are found to exhibit storage stability of biocomponent ranging from 30–60 days, detection limit of 10⁻⁶ − 10⁻¹⁶ M, response time of 1–20 min and applications of developed biosensors in environmental samples (water, food, vegetables, milk, and juice samples, etc.) are also discussed. Researchers all over the globe are working towards the development of different biosensing techniques based on contrast approaches for the detection of pesticides in various environmental samples.

Multi-omics integration linking genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, proteomic, metabolomic, single-cell, and spatial data has transformed the interpretation of human genetic variation by capturing molecular processes that extend beyond DNA sequence alone. Although these approaches substantially improve biomarker discovery and disease stratification, translation into clinical practice remains uneven due to methodological heterogeneity, limited validation, regulatory uncertainty, and structural inequities in data generation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate scientific performance, clinical readiness, governance frameworks, and socio-technical constraints influencing multi-omics biomarker development, and to generate a roadmap for equitable global implementation. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, medRxiv, and bioRxiv for studies published between January 2010 and December 2025. Eligible articles integrated ≥ 2 omics modalities, applied AI/ML to biomarker development or variant interpretation, assessed clinical utility or real-world implementation, or examined governance, ethics, consent, equity, or policy issues. Data extraction captured assay type, integration strategy, model performance, validation rigor, and regulatory or socio-technical insights. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled improvements in AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and hazard ratio precision, and heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics. From 9846 records, 528 studies met the inclusion criteria. Multi-omics integration improved predictive performance, yielding pooled gains of +0.16 in AUC (95% CI: 0.11-0.19), +13% in sensitivity, and +9% in specificity. Models combining ≥ 3 omics layers showed the largest improvements (+0.19 AUC). Single-cell and spatial assays enhanced risk stratification by 18% but demonstrated reproducibility limitations. AI/ML approaches added +0.12 AUC over traditional models, yet 67% exhibited ancestry bias, and only 22% implemented explainability tools. Only 19% of biomarkers underwent real-world evaluation due to limited validation, reimbursement gaps, interoperability challenges, and unclear data-rights governance. Multi-omics biomarkers offer substantial analytical advantages, but their translation requires standardized validation frameworks, accountable AI governance, interoperable infrastructure, and globally inclusive data sets to ensure equitable, trustworthy implementation.