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Background: The adequate knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting is essential for undergraduate medical students. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to analyze KAPs toward pharmacovigilance among undergraduate medical students in a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, KAP questionnaire-based study was conducted among Phase II onward undergraduate medical students. Phase I students were excluded because pharmacovigilance is included in the Phase II curriculum and clinical postings are not part of the Phase I curriculum. The KAP questionnaire was designed to assess participants’ knowledge of pharmacovigilance, attitudes toward pharmacovigilance, and ADR reporting practices. Responses were analyzed question-by-question, and percentages were calculated using Microsoft Excel software. Results: This study found that undergraduate medical students had an average knowledge score of 66.64% on pharmacovigilance. In addition, 91.18% of students agreed that reporting ADRs is necessary, 86.76% believe that reporting ADRs should be compulsory for all health-care professionals, and 92.65% of students are willing to implement ADR reporting in their practice. However, only 15.44% of students have reported an ADR during their clinical postings, and only 33.82% of students have been trained on ADR reporting. Conclusion: This study found that undergraduate medical students have a good knowledge and a positive attitude towards pharmacovigilance but lack practice in reporting ADRs. Pharmacovigilance aims to ensure patient safety and the rational use of medicines.

Background: Anxiety transcends a natural emotion, evolving into a pathological condition with the potential to trigger cascading cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders. Although conventional allopathic medicine offers treatment options, concerns regarding their side effects and long-term efficacy remain prevalent. Medicinal plants contain natural compounds that may be promising sources of therapeutic drugs. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to compare the anxiolytic potential of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum (OS). The growing appeal of plant-based therapies for anxiety stems from perceived advantages in safety and tolerability compared to synthetic drugs. Materials and Methods: The anxiolytic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of OS is evaluated with an elevated plus maze test. A total of 36 Wistar albino rats (150–200 g) were used and randomly divided into six groups of six animals each. The effects of the test drug at different doses, 100 and 200 mg/kg, were compared with the standard anxiolytic drug diazepam at 2 mg/kg body weight and the control group using distilled water at 0.5 mL/kg body weight. Results: The behavioral changes suggested reduced anxiety and openarm exploration in plus-maze indicates reduced anxiety in animals treated with OS extracts. The changes are significantly (P < 0.001) comparable with the standard drug diazepam. Conclusion: The ethanolic extracts of OS are more significant than aqueous extracts for evaluating anti-anxiety activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ethanolic extracts are more likely to contain a wider range of bioactive compounds, which are thought to be responsible for the anti-anxiety effects of OS.

Background: Plants have long been recognized as having a wide range of biological properties, including antibacterial, analgesic, anticancer, antipyretic, and antihypertensive action. They are also a significant source of several chemicals with biological activity. The Rutaceae family consists of a shrub Atalantia monophylla. It is available all over India. The extracts from its leaves have been reported to have antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the extraction protein content and antimicrobial activity of A. monophyla protein extract. The objective of the present study is to isolate protein extract from the aqueous extract of A. monophyla and to screen for antimicrobial activity. Materials and Methods: The A. monophylla protein isolate was prepared from aqueous extract. The protein isolate was done using the ammonium sulfate method and quantified using Lowry’s method. Agar disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extract. Results: The Lowry’s method revealed 5.73 mg/mL protein isolate. The microbiological studies revealed significant inhibitions of microbes. Conclusion: The AM protein extract has significant microbiological action.

Cancer is one of the most leading diseases in the world that leads to death. Cancer started from the era of Hippocrates. Today researchers are trying their best to eradicate this dangerous disease. But still questions are remaining. What causes cancer? How we can prevent it? How can we cure cancer with minimum side effects? This article, shares some ideas regarding new preventive strategy that is chemoprevention. Before that it's better to go through a brief discussion regarding standard cancer prevention strategies.

Mood swings are normal in life. However, if the symptom of sadness is long-lasting then it leads to depression. Depression is intense feeling of a depressed, down mood. The appearance of a depressed person can often be a strong clue to feelings and diagnosis. Nurses will be able to assess the depressed patient through their symptoms such as feeling lonely and guilty. Hopelessness, powerlessness, spiritual distress, self-esteem disturbances, social isolation, self-care deficit, sleep pattern disturbances are common manifestation of depressed patients. Nurses are to care the patient in the hospital, carryout discharge planning and participate in follow up of the patient in the community. The care includes: administration of medication, encouraging the patient to attend regular counseling, personal habits, Nutrition, sleep hygiene, stress management, warning signs.

In this review article author explained the caregivers stress syndrome and coping mechanism. Caregivers stress is typically chronic and a challenging task. However, it is often recognized as a problem when they exhibit stress symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, fatigue, disturbed sleep, various medical health problems, depression, neglected personal care and responsibilities, exhaustive etc. The caregivers also may show their stress as drinking alcohol and smoking. There is need to aware to cope-up with stress among caregivers through identification of under diagnosed conditions or to prevent unwanted consequences. The author pointed out positive aspects of care giving while taking care of their ill relatives, the positive aspects were associated with better quality of life as steps to deal with caregiver stress and burnout.