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"Nelson, Lisa"
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Social media and morality : losing our self control
\"Is social media changing who we are? We assume social media is only a tool for our modern day communications and interactions, but is it quietly changing who we are and how we see the world and one another? Our current debate about the human behaviours behind social media misses the important effects these social networking technologies are having on our sense of shared morality and rationality. This book reconsiders our usual regulatory and developmental approach and suggests a new methodological inquiry to inform a new direction in policy for these increasingly important technologies\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy among Persons Living with HIV, Uganda, 2016–2022
During October 2016-March 2022, Uganda increased tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy coverage among persons living with HIV from 0.6% to 88.8%. TB notification rates increased from 881.1 to 972.5 per 100,000 persons living with HIV. Timely TB screening, diagnosis, and earlier treatment should remain high priorities for TB/HIV prevention programming.
Journal Article
School Counselors as Practitioners : Building on Theory, Standards, and Experience for Optimal Performance
\"Designed for school counseling course work and as a reference for school district personnel, this text demystifies the roles and responsibilities of the professional school counselor and teaches students and practitioners how to perform, conduct, follow through, and carry out various roles and responsibilities required on the job. School Counselors as Practitioners conveys strategic, step-by-step processes and best practice recommendations, with emphasis on ethical and multicultural considerations. The 14 chapters in this textbook maintain, and are consistent with, the basis of school counselors' work in guidance curriculum, responsive services, individual planning, and system support, and special attention is paid to ASCA and CACREP standards. A companion website provides students with templates and handouts for on-the-job responsibilities, as well as quiz questions for every chapter\" -- Provided by publisher.
Book
Treatment Outcomes for Tuberculosis Infection and Disease Among Persons Deprived of Liberty, Uganda, 2020
We report that unsuccessful treatment outcomes were 11.8% for tuberculosis (TB) disease and 21.8% for TB infection among persons deprived of liberty in Uganda Prisons Service facilities. Remedial efforts should include enhancing referral networks to ensure treatment continuity, strengthening data systems for complete outcome documentation, and prioritizing short-course treatment regimens.
Journal Article
From sea to salt
\"How does seawater turn into crystals of salt? Follow each step--from filling ponds with seawater to sprinkling salt on your popcorn--in this fascinating book!\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Provision of cervical cancer services for women living with HIV, Uganda
To describe the scale-up of cervical cancer screening and treatment for women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), aged 25-49 years in Uganda, and to analyse the programme data.
The health ministry targeted existing HIV clinics in a 2-year scale-up of cervical cancer screening services from October 2020. In preparation, we trained health workers to assess women attending HIV clinics for screening eligibility, provided either by human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and/or visual inspection with acetic acid. Clinic staff treated women with precancerous cervical lesions with thermocoagulation or referred women with suspected cancer to external services. We analysed data reported every 6 months for the number of clinics offering screening, screening uptake, the number of positive diagnoses and the number of women who received treatment.
The number of HIV clinics offering cervical cancer screening services increased from 11, before the programme launch, to 1571. During the programme, screening uptake increased from 5.0% (6506/130 293) to 107.3% (151 872/141 527) of targets. The cumulative proportion of positive diagnoses was 5.9% (23 970/407 323) overall, but was much lower for screening offering visual inspection only compared with clinics offering HPV testing. Although the proportion of women receiving treatment if positive increased from 12.8% (53/413) to 84.3% (8087/9592), the World Health Organization target of 90% was not reached.
We demonstrated marked increases, potentially replicable by other countries, in screening and treatment. These increases could be improved further by expanding HPV testing and same-day treatment of precancerous lesions.
Journal Article
Eugene Richards : the run-on of time
The first publication to situate the work of Richards in the long photographic tradition that merges personal artistic vision with documentary practice. Eugene Richards (b. 1944) is a documentary photographer known for his powerful, unflinching exploration of contemporary social issues from the early 1970s to the present. This handsome book is the first comprehensive and critical look at Richards's lifelong achievements. Reproduced in tritone and color, the extraordinary images in this volume explore complicated and controversial subjects, including racism, poverty, drug addiction, cancer, aging, the effects of war and terrorism, and the erosion of rural America. The authors of the book situate Richards's work in the long photographic tradition that merges personal artistic vision with documentary practice, following in the tradition of W. Eugene Smith and Robert Frank.
Book
HIV Infection and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis—The Perfect Storm
Background. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) has emerged as a global epidemic, with ∼ 425,000 new cases estimated to occur annually. The global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection epidemic has caused explosive increases in TB incidence and may be contributing to increases in MDR-TB prevalence. Methods. We reviewed published studies and available surveillance data evaluating links between HIV infection and MDR-TB to quantify convergence of these 2 epidemics, evaluate the consequences, and determine essential steps to address these epidemics. Results. Institutional outbreaks of MDR-TB have primarily affected HIV-infected persons. Delayed diagnosis, inadequate initial treatment, and prolonged infectiousness led to extraordinary attack rates and case-fatality rates among HIV-infected persons. Whether this sequence occurs in communities is less clear. MDR-TB appears not to cause infection or disease more readily than drug-susceptible TB in HIV-infected persons. HIV infection may lead to malabsorption of anti-TB drugs and acquired rifamycin resistance. HIV-infected patients with MDR-TB have unacceptably high mortality; both antiretroviral and antimycobacterial treatment are necessary. Simultaneous treatment requires 6–10 different drugs. In HIV-prevalent countries, TB programs struggle with increased caseloads, which increase the risk of acquired MDR-TB. Surveillance data suggest that HIV infection and MDR-TB may converge in several countries. Conclusions. Institutional outbreaks, overwhelmed public health programs, and complex clinical management issues may contribute to the convergence of the MDR-TB and HIV infection epidemics. To forestall disastrous consequences, infection control, rapid case detection, effective treatment, and expanded program capacity are needed urgently.
Journal Article
Persistence and predictors of self-injurious behaviour in autism: a ten-year prospective cohort study
Background
Self-injurious behaviours, such as head banging, hair pulling, skin picking and scratching, are common in individuals with autism. Despite high prevalence rates, there is a paucity of longitudinal research to refine models of risk and mechanism and inform service planning. In this longitudinal study, we investigated self-injury in a cohort of individuals with autism over 10 years to identify behavioural and demographic characteristics associated with persistent self-injury.
Methods
Carers of 67 individuals with autism completed questionnaires relating to the presence of self-injury and relevant risk markers at
T
1
(mean [SD] age in years 13.4 [7.7]) and
T
3
(mean [SD] age in years 23.9 [7.7]) 10 years later. Forty-six of these also took part at
T
2
(3 years after initial participation). Analysis assessed demographic and behavioural risk markers for self-injury, as well as the predictive value of items assessed at
T
1
and
T
2.
Results
Self-injury was persistent in 44% of individuals over the 10-year period, with behavioural characteristics of impulsivity (
p
< .001) and overactivity (
p
= .002), identified as risk markers for persistence. A predictive model of self-injury was derived from LASSO analysis, with baseline impulsivity, interest and pleasure, stereotyped behaviour, social communication and adaptive functioning predicting self-injury over 10 years.
Conclusions
In this unique longitudinal investigation into the persistence of self-injury in a non-clinical sample of individuals with autism over a 10 year period, we have identified a novel, robust and stable profile of behavioural characteristics associated with persistent self-injury. Findings support an early intervention strategy targeted towards individuals identified to be at a higher risk of developing self-injurious behaviour.
Journal Article
Four-Year Treatment Outcomes of Adult Patients Enrolled in Mozambique's Rapidly Expanding Antiretroviral Therapy Program
In Mozambique during 2004-2007 numbers of adult patients (≥15 years old) enrolled on antiretroviral therapy (ART) increased about 16-fold, from <5,000 to 79,500. All ART patients were eligible for co-trimoxazole. ART program outcomes, and determinants of outcomes, have not yet been reported.
In a retrospective cohort study, we investigated rates of mortality, attrition (death, loss to follow-up, or treatment cessation), immunologic treatment failure, and regimen-switch, as well as determinants of selected outcomes, among a nationally representative sample of 2,596 adults initiating ART during 2004-2007. At ART initiation, median age of patients was 34 and 62% were female. Malnutrition and advanced disease were common; 18% of patients weighed <45 kilograms, and 15% were WHO stage IV. Median baseline CD4(+) T-cell count was 153/µL and was lower for males than females (139/µL vs. 159/µL, p<0.01). Stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine or efavirenz were prescribed to 88% of patients; only 31% were prescribed co-trimoxazole. Mortality and attrition rates were 3.4 deaths and 19.8 attritions per 100 patient-years overall, and 12.9 deaths and 57.2 attritions per 100 patient-years in the first 90 days. Predictors of attrition included male sex [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-1.8], weight <45 kg (AHR 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.9, reference group >60 kg), WHO stage IV (AHR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.4, reference group WHO stage I/II), lack of co-trimoxazole prescription (AHR 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-1.8), and later calendar year of ART initiation (AHR 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.8). Rates of immunologic treatment failure and regimen-switch were 14.0 and 0.6 events per 100-patient years, respectively.
ART initiation at earlier disease stages and scale-up of co-trimoxazole among ART patients could improve outcomes. Research to determine reasons for low regimen-switch rates and increasing rates of attrition during program expansion is needed.
Journal Article