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"Nelson, Richard R."
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Links and Impacts: The Influence of Public Research on Industrial R&D
In this paper, we use data from the Carnegie Mellon Survey on industrial R&D to evaluate for the U.S. manufacturing sector the influence of \"public\"(i.e., university and government R&D lab) research on industrial R&D, the role that public research plays in industrial R&D, and the pathways through which that effect is exercised. We find that public research is critical to industrial R&D in a small number of industries and importantly affects industrial R&D across much of the manufacturing sector. Contrary to the notion that university research largely generates new ideas for industrial R&D projects, the survey responses demonstrate that public research both suggests new R&D projects and contributes to the completion of existing projects in roughly equal measure overall. The results also indicate that the key channels through which university research impacts industrial R&D include published papers and reports, public conferences and meetings, informal information exchange, and consulting. We also finnd that, after controlling for industry, the influence of public research on industrial R&D is disproportionately greater for larger firms as well as start-ups.
Journal Article
Evolutionary Theorizing in Economics
This paper reviews the case for an evolutionary approach to problems of economic analysis, ranging from the details of individual firm behavior in the short run through industrial dynamics to the historical evolution of institutions and technologies. We draw upon a substantial body of recent research contributions. We characterize micro behavior as governed by skills and routines that are shaped by learning and selection. We then consider major areas of application of evolutionary thinking, including the analysis of competitive processes in technologically dynamic industries and the evolution of institutions and technologies.
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Behavior and cognition of economic actors in evolutionary economics
An evolutionary perspective on the nature of economic activity requires a theory of human behavior and cognition that highlights human creativity and innovativeness, while at the same time recognizing that in many arenas of economic life change is slow and more routine aspects of behavior obtain. It is proposed that Herbert Simon’s conception of human behavior as largely “bounded rational” is capable of suiting both aspects. However, to be able to encompass the enormous advances humans have achieved over the years in their ability to meet a variety of wants, a theory of behavior and cognition suitable for evolutionary economics needs to recognize the evolving cultural context of economic behavior and cognition.
Journal Article
evolutionary theory of household consumption behavior
Evolutionary economics badly needs a behavioral theory of household consumption behavior, but to date only limited progress has been made on that front. Partly because Schumpeter's own writings were focused there, and partly because this has been the focus of most of the more recent empirical work on technological change, modern evolutionary economists have focused on the “supply side”. However, because a significant portion of the innovation going on in capitalist countries has been in the form of new consumer goods and services, it should be obvious that dealing coherently with the Schumpeterian agenda requires a theory which treats in a realistic way how consumers respond to new goods and services. The purpose of this essay is to map out a broad alternative to the neoclassical theory of consumer behavior.
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National innovation systems : a comparative analysis
The slowdown of growth in Western industrialized nations in the last twenty years, along with the rise of Japan as a major economic and technological power (and enhanced technical sophistication of Taiwan, Korea, and other NICs) has led to what the authors believe to be a \"techno-nationalism.\" This combines a strong belief that technological.
eBook
Demand, supply, and their interaction on markets, as seen from the perspective of evolutionary economic theory
Since the time of Marshall economists have used the constructs of demand and supply curves in their explanation and analyses of how markets determine prevailing prices and the allocation of resources among different lines of economic activity. Today almost all expositions and interpretations of price theory take a neoclassical perspective. This paper develops an interpretation of demand and supply curves and their interaction on markets that is more compatible with the general viewpoint of evolutionary economic theory.
Journal Article
History friendly models: retrospective and future perspectives
Twenty years ago, we introduced the history friendly modeling approach to formally study industrial dynamics. In this paper, we look retrospectively at the results that the history friendly literature has achieved so far and what are the challenges ahead of us. We present the main principles, methods, and building blocks of the approach, and then we illustrate it through two applications. The first one investigates the impact of entry in the mainframes segment of the computer industry. The second application studies the effect of different industrial policies in uncertain technological environments.
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