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Microphysics schemes are important components of numerical weather prediction and climate models. They are responsible for correctly estimating precipitation accumulations, cloud cover, and composition, one of the most important meteorological and climatological quantities. Microphysics schemes are gradually improving. Both more sophisticated parameterizations of processes and introductions of additional hydrometeors make schemes more physically accurate.In this article, the single-moment two-ice microphysics scheme in ALARO is extended for graupel, introducing a new three-ice scheme. A proposal for graupel parameterization is presented, including a discussion of some options. Further, improvements in parameterizations of autoconversion and evaporation in the three-ice scheme are tested. Tests are performed for various weather regimes, including strong summer convection, as the condensation fluxes from the cloud scheme and moist deep convection parameterization are summed before they enter one shared call of microphysics. The new scheme improves the forecasting skill. The bias of precipitation accumulation is reduced, mainly in autumn. In addition, the precipitation shadow behind mountain ranges is better simulated.

Laparoscopic surgery has become a frequently used modality for rectal tumour surgery. A fistula between the rectum and lower urinary tract is one of the possible complications, with rectovesical fistulas occurring most frequently. This case report presents a 66-year-old man who underwent a laparoscopic low-anterior resection of the rectum due to the presence of a polyp with a high risk of malignant transformation. At the time of discharge on the eleventh postoperative day, the patient returned to the hospital with a fever, scrotal swelling and pain in the right hemiscrotum. These symptoms began four hours after discharge from the hospital. There was no sign of faecaluria. The presence of gas in the urinary bladder was confirmed after catheter insertion. The patient was diagnosed with a fistula between the anterior wall of the rectum and seminal vesicles. The diagnosis was based on cystoscopy findings, X-ray and computed tomography irrigography. The condition was treated conservatively by suprapubic insertion of a catheter and antibiotics. The total length of the treatment, including management of subsequent complications, was 4 months. Twelve months after the complication developed, the patient is symptom free, without urinary tract infection recurrence, and is under the care of both surgery and urology clinics. We describe the clinical symptoms, possibilities of treatment and the result of treatment of this rare complication of rectum low-anterior resection, which has never been described in the literature before.

David interviews three All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) athletes, namely Jan Borgia Edwards, Sal Coats, and Melissa Frydlo. Among others, Edwards, Coats, and Frydlo shares their experience playing baseball and talks about the diverse paths they have taken to play the game at a high level in the wake of the AAGPBL's disappearance.

Introduction and hypothesis Information on urethral bulking therapy in women after previous pelvic radiotherapy is lacking. This study compared the safety and efficacy of polyacrylamide intraurethral injections in patients with and without previous radiotherapy. Methods A total of 46 patients with severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were enrolled in this multicenter prospective trial. Group A consisted of 24 patients with previous radiotherapy to the pelvis for the treatment of a gynaecological malignancy. Group B consisted of 22 patients without previous radiotherapy. All patients were treated with a transurethral injection of a bulking solution (Bulkamid). The average follow-up was 12.4 months. The paired Wilcoxon test was used to compare the results before and after the procedure within the groups, and the two-sample Wilcoxon test was used for comparisons between groups. Results Complete continence was achieved in 25 % of patients in group A and in 36.4 % of patients in group B. Significantly reduced urine leakage was observed in both groups ( p  = 0.0164 in group A and p  = 0.0002 in group B). The total scores in the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire decreased by 5.2 in group A ( p  = 0.0000) and 6.36 in group B ( p  = 0.0001). The scores for the Total Patient Perception of Bladder Condition decreased by 1.54 in group A ( p  = 0.0001) and 2.59 in group B ( p  = 0.0000), with a significant difference between groups ( p  = 0.0224). No clinically significant changes in urodynamic parameters were observed. No severe adverse events were noted. Conclusions Based on our results, we conclude that urethral bulking therapy is a valuable treatment option in patients with severe SUI who have undergone pelvic radiotherapy for the treatment of gynaecological malignancy.

Before the institution of the Reserve Clause after the 1879 National League season, players were free to change teams at will upon the expiration of their contracts (usually extant for only one year). Yet the first version of the Reserve Clause was only a baby step in regulating player movement from team to team. In the early 1880s player trades were still not a feature of the game, in part because no player could as yet be compelled to go to another team against his wishes. A player's right of refusal often also stymied player sales as well as so-called \"waiver\" deals in which one team would try to steer an unwanted player to a rival, sometimes out of simple generosity but more often in exchange for future considerations. In a book begun before his untimely death, 19th-century baseball historian David Ball set out to track the painstaking evolution of the present-day rules regarding player movement from team to team. David did not leave an introduction to his book or notes explaining its proposed scope, but we believe he planned to carry his work only to the conclusion of the 19th century. Among his fully developed sections is the story of the remarkably complex Sam Barkley case, in which the St. Louis Browns endeavored to sell their disenchanted second baseman to the highest bidder in the winter of 1885-1886, on the heels of rule revisions prompted by the nefarious Tony Mullane case of the previous winter. Upon its final settlement, major league owners and officials arrived at the rude recognition that their work to achieve movement of a player from one team to another that was equitable and acceptable to all had only just begun. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

It has long been contended that the Union Association, although recognized as a major league, presented a quality of baseball that was of considerably less than major league caliber. This essay, while taking no stand on the issue, examines the careers of four significant major league players who either won their final games or collected their final at bats in the Union Association despite being relatively young by baseball standards. Ultimately, the reasons that the Union Association was an unexpected last stop for each of them vary widely and offer surprising new insights into why some players in the mid-1880s had careers that were shorter than their achievements seemed to warrant. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

This publication deals with the public administration development in Visegrad member states during the last 25 years. The first four chapters describe development of public administration in Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. In the last chapter are summarized approaches to public administration development and discussed good praxis that was used during reforms in mentioned states.

Laparoscopic surgery has become a frequently used modality for rectal tumour surgery. A fistula between the rectum and lower urinary tract is one of the possible complications, with rectovesical fistulas occurring most frequently. This case report presents a 66-year-old man who underwent a laparoscopic low-anterior resection of the rectum due to the presence of a polyp with a high risk of malignant transformation. At the time of discharge on the eleventh postoperative day, the patient returned to the hospital with a fever, scrotal swelling and pain in the right hemiscrotum. These symptoms began four hours after discharge from the hospital. There was no sign of faecaluria. The presence of gas in the urinary bladder was confirmed after catheter insertion. The patient was diagnosed with a fistula between the anterior wall of the rectum and seminal vesicles. The diagnosis was based on cystoscopy findings, X-ray and computed tomography irrigography. The condition was treated conservatively by suprapubic insertion of a catheter and antibiotics. The total length of the treatment, including management of subsequent complications, was 4 months. Twelve months after the complication developed, the patient is symptom free, without urinary tract infection recurrence, and is under the care of both surgery and urology clinics. We describe the clinical symptoms, possibilities of treatment and the result of treatment of this rare complication of rectum low-anterior resection, which has never been described in the literature before.