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"Newman, Patricia"
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Plastic, ahoy! : investigating the great Pacific garbage patch
A team of scientists explore the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, where millions of pieces of plastic have gathered, having drifted there from rivers, beaches, and ocean traffic all over the world.
BOOK
Polysaccharides with Arabinose: Key Players in Reducing Chronic Inflammation and Enhancing Immune Health in Aging
Aging is associated with a decline in physiological performance leading to increased inflammation and impaired immune function. Polysaccharides (PLs) found in plants, fruits, and fungi are emerging as potential targets for therapeutic intervention, but little is known about their effects on chronic inflammation and aging. This review aims to highlight the current advances related to the use of PLs, with the presence of arabinose, to attenuate oxidative stress and chronic and acute inflammation, and their immunomodulatory effects associated with antioxidant status in monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophil infiltration, and leukocyte rolling adhesion in neutrophils. In addition, recent studies have shown the importance of investigating the ‘major’ monosaccharide, such as arabinose, present in several of these polysaccharides, and with described effects on gut microbiome, glucose, inflammation, allergy, cancer cell proliferation, neuromodulation, and metabolic stress. Perspectives and opportunities for further investigation are provided. By promoting a balanced immune response and reducing inflammation, PLs with arabinose or even arabinose per se may alleviate the immune dysregulation and inflammation seen in the elderly, therefore providing a promising strategy to mitigate a variety of diseases.
Journal Article
Biofuels
Presents information about biofuels as an energy source, covering their history, how they are used today, and innovative ways people may use them in the future.
Book
The gut microbiome enhances breast cancer immunotherapy following bariatric surgery
Bariatric surgery is associated with improved breast cancer (BC) outcomes, including greater immunotherapy effectiveness in a preclinical BC model. A potential mechanism of bariatric surgery-associated protection is the gut microbiota. Here, we demonstrate the dependency of improved immunotherapy response on the post-bariatric surgery gut microbiome via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Response to αPD-1 immunotherapy was significantly improved following FMT from formerly obese bariatric surgery-treated mice. When stool from post-bariatric surgery patients was transplanted into recipient mice and compared to the patients' presurgery transplants, postsurgery microbes significantly reduced tumor burden and doubled immunotherapy effectiveness. Microbes impact tumor burden through microbially derived metabolites, including branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Circulating BCAAs correlated significantly with natural killer T (NKT) cell content in the tumor microenvironment in donor mice after bariatric surgery and FMT recipients of donor cecal content after bariatric surgery compared with obese controls. BCAA supplementation replicated improved αPD-1 effectiveness in 2 BC models, supporting the role of BCAAs in increased immunotherapy effectiveness after bariatric surgery. Ex vivo exposure increased primary NKT cell expression of antitumor cytokines, demonstrating direct activation of NKT cells by BCAAs. Together, the findings suggest that reinvigorating antitumor immunity may depend on bariatric surgery-associated microbially derived metabolites, namely BCAAs.
Journal Article
Water power
Presents information about water power as an energy source, covering how humans used water power in the past, how energy from water power is used today, and how it may be used in the future.
Book
What's the Big Deal about Ocean Acidification? Fifth-Grade Students from an Inland Community Discover a Local Connection to Our Ocean
In a series of 12 project-based learning lessons, a group of seven fifth-grade students who live 200 miles from the coast explored their personal connections to the ocean. After completing a unit on the role of water in Earth's surface processes, the students investigated ocean acidification and how this pervasive ocean problem impacts their local community. The use of project- and place-based learning allows students to experience the impact of our actions on the environment; discover a link between their communities and the ocean; and form a meaningful emotional relationship with the ocean that empowers them to take action on sustainability.
Journal Article
Eavesdropping on elephants : how listening helps conservation
\"Can understanding how forest elephants communicate help scientists find ways to protect them? Come behind the scenes of Cornell University's Elephant Listening Project to see what's being done to keep these majestic animals safe.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
What’s the Big Deal About Ocean Acidification?
We have only one ocean and it is inextricably linked to human health, yet research shows most elementary students do not understand the one-ocean concept. Additionally, the ocean--and its problems--may seem unrelated to students' lives even though it provides half of the oxygen we breathe; manufactures our weather; supplies food and drinking water; and makes a global economy possible. Here, Cummins and Newman discuss how STEM and language arts could be combined in ocean experiential learning.
Journal Article
Zoo scientists to the rescue
\"Go behind the scenes and discover how scientists at three US zoos are helping wild and captive orangutans, black-footed ferrets, and black rhinoceroses.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Examining Principal Perceptions toward the Inclusion of Elementary Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the Regular Education Classroom
This research study explored principals’ perceptions toward the inclusion of students with ADHD in the regular education classroom. Factors analyzed within the study also included principals’ perceptions of assistive technology within elementary schools and the impact level of courses/workshops relating to ADHD. The study aimed to understand if the number of special education credits principals have completed and principals’ years of experience influenced the aforementioned factors. This study consisted of quantitative, non-experimental research, utilizing using both causal-comparative and correlational research designs. The researcher used a nonprobability, convenience sampling, based on principals within Southeast Pennsylvania, whose e-mail addresses were publicly listed on school district’s websites. Praisner’s (2000) Principals and Inclusion Survey was adapted and dispersed as an online survey. One hundred seventeen principals were invited to participate within the study and 28 completed the survey. The results of the study suggest that the amount of special education credits a principal has completed does not have an effect on their perceptions toward placing students with ADHD in special education classes/schools specifically designed for them and does not affect the impact level of courses/workshops that were taken by principals that related to ADHD. The results of the study also suggest that the amount of special education credits a principal has completed does not have an effect on their perceptions toward placing students with ADHD in special education classes/schools specifically designed for them and does not affect the impact level of courses/workshops that were taken by principals that related to ADHD. Correlational analyses suggest that there is a moderate relationship between years of full-time special education teaching experience and principals’ perceptions of classroom placement and inclusion percentage for students with ADHD in the regular education classroom. A statistically significant relationship was found between whether or not students with ADHD should be placed in special education classes specifically designed for them and the impact level of courses and trainings taken relating to ADHD. This suggests that principals who take trainings and professional development relating to ADHD feel that students who have been diagnosed with ADHD should be included in the regular education classroom.
Dissertation