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Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality and limited treatment options. While surgical resection removes the primary tumor, it often fails to prevent recurrence or metastasis, and despite the promise of immunotherapy, response to immune checkpoint blockade remains poor. Here, a cryogel‐based dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy is developed incorporating gold nanodot‐lipopolysaccharide (AuLPS)‐loaded DCs, doxorubicin (Dox), and PD‐1 immune checkpoint blockade (aPD‐1+Dox+AuLPS@DC) to enhance post‐surgical antitumor immunity. The AuLPS nanoparticles (NPs) stabilize LPS assembly, optimizing Th1 adjuvant activity and improving DC immunotherapy efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. The cryogel enables the sustained, localized release of therapeutic agents at the surgical site, preserving DC viability, migration, and functionality within the tumor microenvironment. This strategy enhances DC activation and potentiates robust T‐cell activation in both tumor‐draining lymph nodes and tumor beds, leading to durable antitumor immunity. When administered at the post‐surgical site in an orthotopic TNBC model, the aPD‐1+Dox+AuLPS@DC cryogel immunotherapy significantly delays tumor recurrence, reduces distant metastasis, and prolongs survival. These findings highlight cryogel‐based DC immunotherapy as a promising post‐surgical therapeutic strategy to enhance responses to immune checkpoint blockade and improve outcomes in TNBC. A multifunctional GelMA cryogel enables dendritic cell immunotherapy that synergizes with doxorubicin and PD‐1 blockade, driving robust post‐surgical T‐cell immunity and suppressing TNBC recurrence.

In the context of international investment disputes, this paper investigates how arbitrator team characteristics affect team performance in solving disputes between a host country and a foreign investor. Our data include 277 judgments issued by arbitrator teams at the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes at the World Bank from 1972 to 2018. The time to resolution and the quality of the final judgment, as measured by the requirement of a follow-on proceeding to rectify mistakes, are used to measure the team performance. We consider both biographical and professional characteristics of the arbitrators as determinants of the team performance. We find that mixed gender teams and previous team member’s collaborations increase the time to resolution contrary to team members’ experience and diversity in the professional background that decrease it. None of the team characteristics considered has an impact on the quality of the final judgment. Our findings talk to the current policy debate on the reform of the international investment arbitration system aiming to increase its effectiveness and transparency.

In recent years, industrial manufacturing has undergone massive technological changes that embrace digitalization and automation towards the vision of intelligent manufacturing plants. With the aim of maximizing efficiency and profitability in production, an important goal is to enable flexible manufacturing, both, for the customer (desiring more individualized products) and for the manufacturer (to adjust to market demands). Manufacturing-as-a-service can support this through manufacturing plants that are used by different tenants who utilize the machines in the plant, which are offered by different providers. To enable such pay-per-use business models, Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is a viable option to establish decentralized trust and traceability. Thus, in this paper, we study potential DLT technologies for efficient and intelligent integration of DLT-based solutions in manufacturing environments. We propose a general framework to adapt DLT in manufacturing, and then we introduce the use case of shared manufacturing , which we utilize to study the communication and computation efficiency of selected DLTs in resource-constrained wireless IoT networks.

For the commercial-scale of hydrogen production from water-splitting, developing earth-abundant and competitive price catalysts is highly demanding, but it is challenging to replace the noble metal-based state-of-the-art catalysts. Herein, we report MoS2@graphene (MoS2@Gr) heterostructures materials as a promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst, which is synthesized via in-situ formation and integration of graphene into the interlayer spacing of MoS2, thereby exposing the HER active edge sites via widening of the interlayer spacing. Compared to the pristine MoS2, the MoS2@Gr exhibits a superior HER activity having an overpotential of 120 mV vs. RHE to drive the current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 72 mV dec−1 in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. In addition, the MoS2@Gr catalyst requires only an overpotential of 170 mV vs. RHE in 1 M KOH electrolyte to drive the HER current densities of 10 mA cm−2 with a smaller Tafel slope of 51 mV dec−1. Moreover, the MoS2@Gr catalyst presents long-term durability against HER in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes.

The recent growth of agriculture, industry and urban areas in Vietnam requires a large amount of water consumption as a production factor. This paper explores the water resource use efficiency (WRUE) of the Vietnamese Dong Nai River Basin during 2010–2017. Twenty-nine sub-basins of the Dong Nai River Basin are selected as decision-making units to characterize WRUE. The relationship between water use and the socio-economic development is analyzed using the WRUE in the social and economic subsystems. The results show that: (1) most water is used by agriculture (72% of water resource consumption), next to industry (12%) and service (9%); (2) On the WRUE in both social and economic subsystems, Phuoc Hoa and Sai Gon sub-basins have the efficiency optimum. Water use in Can Don is technically efficient. Sub-basins of Dong Nai 1–8 have the lowest technical efficiency; (3) The Dong Nai River Basin has a positive change in total factor productivity over time, however WRUE decreases gradually; and (4) Urban areas use less water than the rural areas. An improvement of the WRUE is an essential way for sustaining water uses in the severe water shortage sub-basins such as Phuoc Hoa, Sai Gon, and Can Don. The study findings imply that two-stage DEA is useful for policymakers to make right decisions for water resource management and the improvement of WRUE.

This study considers for the first time the role of rising import competition on employment in Vietnam. Using a time differenced and instrumental variables approach, our study shows that import competition results in employment contraction. Firms operating in industries that face greater import competition have reduced employment. We also find strong evidence of a negative impact of import competition for small and very small firms, as well as in the period before Vietnam's World Trade Organization (WTO) accession. Our results also reveal that previous studies at the industry-level can provide biased estimates because of not controlling for the heterogeneity of firm characteristics.

Background Self-care behaviors during pregnancy significantly impacts mother and children's health. This study aimed to explore the self-care behaviors and the associations of these behaviors with the psychological well-being of women during pregnancy, as well as the mediating effects of different social support with these associations. Methods A cross-sectional data of 562 pregnant women at Hanoi Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital and Ca Mau Obstetrics & Pediatrics in Vietnam were analyzed. Questions about self-care behaviors, pregnancy characteristics, social support, and psychological well-being were asked. Multivariate regression models were performed. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to test the mediating effects of different social support with the association between self-care behaviors and psychological well-being. Findings Only 13% of pregnant women often or always did physical exercise at least three times a week, and 40% consumed enough fiber and five servings of vegetables a day. Only 78.7% always avoided alcohol drinking, and 53.9% of pregnant women avoided being exposed to second-hand smoking and 71,7% avoided using traditional medicine without physicians’ prescriptions. Around 66% of pregnant women always or often had prenatal care checkups as scheduled. Information sources, social support and childbirth expectation were major drivers for self-care practices. SEM model showed that social support mediated the relationship between maternal health behaviors and mental well-being. Conclusion This study highlighted the remarkable gaps in self-care practices among our pregnant women, which were significantly associated with their mental well-being. Social support-oriented consultancy and interventions should be warranted for improving behaviors and the mental well-being of pregnant women in Vietnam.

This study investigated the effects of factors that influence users' perceptions to adopt digital transformation. Eight hypotheses were proposed and tested employing the Structural Equation Modeling. 248 government personnel, instructors, and students were recruited to answer the questionnaires through Google Form. The experimental results indicated that facilitating conditions, policy, social influence, and knowledge all had a positive and significant impact on digital transformation adoption. Meanwhile, policy was found to have a positive effect on social influence. In turn, social influence positively affected knowledge. In addition, awareness was verified to be a reliable predictor of knowledge. The notable exception was that the awareness factor was shown to have no effect on digital transformation adoption. Thus, traditional reaching to citizens via television, news, broadcast needed to re-examined. Overall, the model accounts for 52.5 percentage of the variation in the data. Four recommendations were proposed for practitioners, and limitations were roughly discussed. Future study is needed to re-examine the unexpected effect of awareness on digital transformation adoption.

This study aimed to examine fear of childbirth and willingness to pay for fear-prevention services in pregnant women. A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women in two obstetric hospitals in Vietnam. The Fear of Birth Scale was utilized to evaluate fear of childbirth. Multivariable, generalized linear regression and logistic regression models were performed to identify associated factors with fear of childbirth, demand, and willingness to pay for prevention services. Of 900 pregnant women, fear of childbirth was moderately high with a mean score of 18.1 (SD = 2.3). Age of partner; ever having complications of pregnancy; attitudes toward different aspects of childbirth delivery; satisfactions with friends, parents, and siblings’ care; and information support were associated with fear of childbirth. Only 33.8% participants had a demand for the prevention service, and 43.7% were willing to pay for this service with an average amount of $US 10.0 per month (SD = 72.0). Our study suggested that individualized psychological counseling and information-seeking guidance should be provided appropriately and differently for multiparous and nulliparous women for reducing fear and improving the acceptability of the prevention services.

The circular economy (CE), a sustainability concept that promotes resource efficiency and waste reduction, has garnered significant popularity in recent years due to its potential to address pressing environmental and economic challenges. This study applies the Bayesian Mindsponge Mindspongeconomics (BMM) framework/analytic method, based on the Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF), to the factors influencing young adults’ pro-environmental behavior and their purchases of green products at different price levels. The findings indicate that young adults who are knowledgeable about the CE and who value environmental protection and energy conservation are more likely to engage in waste sorting, while the factors that affect their willingness to pay (WTP) more for green and energy-saving products vary at different price tiers. This study demonstrates that knowledge of the CE, daily waste sorting habits, and environmental concern positively impact young adults’ WTP for products that are priced 5%, 10%, and 15% higher, respectively. Furthermore, this study also highlights the potential of educational programs and cultural influences in nurturing a generation that prioritizes environmental value. This research integrates multidisciplinary perspectives and offers practical implications for policymakers, educators, and businesses seeking to promote green literacy and foster an environmental culture among the youth, contributing to the broader goals of green transformation and sustainable development associated with the CE and the green economy, especially in the urban areas of emerging countries and beyond.