Explore the vast range of titles available.

The rate of hypertension and obesity is increasing in Vietnamese society. This study aimed to focus on assessing the relationship between anthropometric indexes (body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) and high blood pressure to determine which is the best predictor for high blood pressure among adults over 18 years in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study of 1636 people was conducted. People who were over 18 years old, healthy or had hyperlipidemia and on the treatment were recruited. Patients with cancer, heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, and hypertension were excluded. Information on demographics, smoking and drinking habits, weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure was collected. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were examined to determine the predictability of anthropometric indicators for high blood pressure in men and women. Logistic regression analysis, stratified by gender, was performed to examine the association between anthropometric indexes and high blood pressure. In this study, the percentage of people with high blood pressure was 10.51%. The AUC for the WHtR was significantly greater than for the BMI for both genders. Logistic regression demonstrated that only WHtR had a significant positive association with high blood pressure among women. The optimal WHtR cut-off value for predicting high blood pressure in men and women were 0.47 and 0.50, respectively. Among the indicators analyzed in this study, WHtR was the best for the predicting of the presence of high blood pressure, in both men and women. However, WHtR could only explain the changes of high blood pressure in women.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were once commonly used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), but are now considered second-line options after SSRIs and SNRIs. Additionally, TCAs are used to treat other conditions such as chronic pain and enuresis in children. Due to their numerous side effects and potential for drug interactions, cases of poisoning and death from TCA overdose, particularly amitriptyline, are on the rise. Therefore, this article revisits the overview and describes the clinical progression regarding blood gases, ECG, and electrolytes of the patient, as well as the use of 4.2% sodium bicarbonate and 2% lidocaine to treat cases of amitriptyline overdose poisoning. A 49-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital due to cardiac and respiratory arrest. The patient had a past medical history of untreated cervical cancer and sleep disorders. Prior to admission, the patient had taken about 20 tablets of amitriptyline 25mg and was in a drowsy state with gasping breaths. During transportation to the hospital, the patient experienced cardiac arrest once and was successfully resuscitated, with a total arrest and resuscitation time of approximately 10 minutes. The use of 4.2% Sodium Bicarbonate and 2% Lidocaine, the patient was not used plasma exchange in this case, proved effective in this case. Continuous monitoring of blood gas levels, ECG, and electrolytes was maintained. The patient was able to walk independently and was discharged after 12 days of treatment. The key factor was the healthcare staff's quick recognition and timely management of TCA poisoning, in this case, amitriptyline.

Sedation assessment, spontaneous awakening and breathing trials are evidence-based practices which can minimise harm from ventilation and sedation of critically ill patients. There are known difficulties in implementing these processes which are likely to be exacerbated in low-resource settings. This study aimed to describe current delivery of these care processes in three intensive care units in Vietnam; identify barriers and facilitators to their delivery; and describe local capacity for improvement. We conducted a prospective rapid evaluation between 01/11/2021 and 31/12/2023 comprising registry-enabled measurement of daily care processes, process mapping, observations, focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews and a structured assessment of local capacity for improvement. Contextual determinants of care quality were analysed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Organisational capacity for improvement was analysed using the Model for Understanding Success in Quality. Sedation was assessed qualitatively rather than using systematic tools. Spontaneous Awakening and Breathing Trials were both performed according to individual doctors' clinical judgement in a non-protocolised manner. Barriers to delivering these processes included the lack of locally-adapted protocols, perceived safety concerns exacerbated by staffing shortages and lack of familiarity due to confusing terminology. Facilitators to improvement included quality improvement champions, registry-enabled audit and feedback, training, and partnerships within and between hospitals. We identified opportunities to improve sedation and ventilation in the three study settings in Vietnam. The barriers to delivering the care processes we studied echoed those reported in high-income countries, but were exacerbated by local contextual factors such as staffing shortages and differences in professional roles. We developed recommendations for future improvement projects: implementing setting-adapted protocols, standardising terminology to improve documentation, engaging clinical staff with feedback, identifying champions, educate staff regarding the clinical processes and quality improvement and leverage existing internal expertise. These recommendations may have applicability to other care processes and/or settings.

We studied a community cluster of 25 mpox cases in Vietnam caused by emerging monkeypox virus sublineage C.1 and imported into Vietnam through 2 independent events; 1 major cluster carried a novel APOBEC3-like mutation. Three patients died; all had advanced HIV co-infection. Viral evolution and its potential consequences should be closely monitored.

Despite their promise, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based assays for multi-cancer early detection face challenges in test performance, due mostly to the limited abundance of ctDNA and its inherent variability. To address these challenges, published assays to date demanded a very high-depth sequencing, resulting in an elevated price of test. Herein, we developed a multimodal assay called SPOT-MAS (screening for the presence of tumor by methylation and size) to simultaneously profile methylomics, fragmentomics, copy number, and end motifs in a single workflow using targeted and shallow genome-wide sequencing (~0.55×) of cell-free DNA. We applied SPOT-MAS to 738 non-metastatic patients with breast, colorectal, gastric, lung, and liver cancer, and 1550 healthy controls. We then employed machine learning to extract multiple cancer and tissue-specific signatures for detecting and locating cancer. SPOT-MAS successfully detected the five cancer types with a sensitivity of 72.4% at 97.0% specificity. The sensitivities for detecting early-stage cancers were 73.9% and 62.3% for stages I and II, respectively, increasing to 88.3% for non-metastatic stage IIIA. For tumor-of-origin, our assay achieved an accuracy of 0.7. Our study demonstrates comparable performance to other ctDNA-based assays while requiring significantly lower sequencing depth, making it economically feasible for population-wide screening.

Background Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is a time‐ and tissue‐ efficient method to help guide precision oncology. To enhance the clinical utility of CGP, we investigated the performance of a novel strategy integrating tumor DNA and mRNA profiling, together with liquid biopsy ctDNA monitoring. Methods Genomic DNA and mRNA simultaneously extracted from 604 archived tissue samples of 12 cancer types were used. Tumor DNA was subjected to targeted sequencing using a 504‐gene panel with high‐density probes (HDP), and shallow whole genome sequencing to profile genomic biomarkers. mRNA transcriptome profiling was performed to further capture fusion variants, and to predict tissue of origin (TOO) using our ensemble model OriCUP, an algorithm trained on 9889 samples and independently validated on 731 samples. In a cohort of 55 metastatic lung cancer patients, longitudinal plasma ctDNA was analyzed using a hybrid tumor‐informed and tumor‐agnostic approach to predict progression‐free survival (PFS). Results Among all biomarkers, DNA sequencing using HDP achieved higher sensitivity than the standard panel design to identify copy number variations at chromosome‐, gene‐, and exon‐ levels. The detection rate of fusion variants using DNA sequencing alone was 20% lower than mRNA sequencing in reference samples, while the combination of both methods was essential to maximize fusion detection in clinical FFPE samples. For TOO, our OriCup model achieved prediction accuracy of 87.7% for primary tumors and 81.4% for metastatic tumors. In 55 lung cancer patients, ctDNA profiling identified additional 11.5% tumor‐agnostic actionable and resistance mutations. Patients having more than 50% ctDNA decrease from baseline were classified as molecular responders and showed significantly longer PFS than those classified as molecular non‐responders (HR = 9.42, 95% CI: 3.33–26.67, p < 0.0001, 12‐month PFS: 95.5% vs. 31.7%). Conclusions Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling could reliably unveil genetic details not provided by DNA‐only CGP. The integration of ctDNA detection further helped detect tumor‐agnostic mutations and monitor treatment response.

IntroductionImplementation of low-intensity, evidence-based psychological interventions can help meet the mental health and psychosocial needs of people with cancer, especially in low-resource settings where there is a dearth of mental health specialists. In this study, we will conduct a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the stress management intervention Self-Help Plus, which has been translated and adapted to Vietnamese, vSH+, among people newly diagnosed with breast or gynaecological cancer in Viet Nam.Methods and analysisAt six participating hospitals, individuals diagnosed with breast or gynaecologic cancer within the past year will be recruited, consented and randomised into either enhanced usual care (EUC) or EUC plus the vSH+ intervention, which consists of four sessions each lasting approximately 75 min. Quantitative surveys will be administered at three time points: enrolment/baseline (T0), after 6 weeks (T1) and after 4 months (T2). A qualitative evaluation component, which will include in-depth interviews with patients, implementers and healthcare staff and managers, as well as focus group discussions with caregivers, will assess the acceptability and feasibility of the vSH+ intervention.Ethics and disseminationEthical reviews for the study were obtained from Boston University, Hanoi University of Public Health (HUPH) and all the participating hospital sites. On completion of data collection and analyses, the research team will prepare and submit abstracts to scientific conferences as well as manuscripts to peer-reviewed journals. We will also conduct dissemination events to report the trial results to relevant stakeholders.Trial registration numberNCT06398067.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common globally, and are developing increased antibiotic resistance. Despite being the diagnostic \"gold standard,\" urine culture is limited by slow results and a high rate of false negative findings, leading to treatment delays, higher costs, and overuse of empirical antibiotics. Our study aims to develop a rapid and reliable model to predict clinical outcomes. From January 1st to October 31st, 2023, we enrolled patients with symptoms suggesting UTI from the Outpatient Department of our hospital. Inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥18, initially diagnosed with UTI, available urinalysis, flow cytometry, and urinary culture. Exclusion criteria included failed sample collection and cultures, and pregnant women. A case-control study was conducted, with UTI cases defined as ≥ 10^5 CFU/ µ L and controls as < 10^5 CFU/ µ L, matched for age and sex in a 1:1 ratio. For validation, retrospective cases from July to December 2022 were selected with matching controls. Using urine culture as the gold standard, the predictive model was developed with backward stepwise logistic regression. Model discrimination was assessed using area under the curve (AUC). In our discovery cohort, we included 1,335 UTI cases and 1,282 non-UTI controls, with mean ages of 52.9 ± 17.1 years and 51.9 ± 16.4 years, and females of 76.9% and 77.7%. Using 100 cells/uL as a threshold, bacterial counts demonstrated a sensitivity of 91.0% and specificity of 45.7%. Our novel UTIRisk score, developed from urinalysis and flow cytometry parameters, showed strong discrimination for UTI, with a AUC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.81-0.84). In the validation cohort, the AUC was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.74-0.80). The UTIRisk score exhibited excellent specificity (96.5%) and high positive predictive value (92.6%). The score performed strongly across subgroups, particularly in males and patients aged ≥65. Our UTIRisk score can improve diagnosis, reduce unnecessary urine cultures, optimize antibiotic use, and help control antibiotic resistance in LMICs. Multicenter, and intervention-based studies are warranted before clinical implementation.

Vitexin and isovitexin are natural flavone C-glucosides that have numerous benefits for human health. However, their low oral bioavailability and poor gastrointestinal absorption dramatically restrict their potential medicinal uses. To overcome this challenge, chitosan-coated alginate microcapsules were prepared for intragastrical administration to rabbits. An LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of vitexin and isovitexin in the plasma of treated rabbits, using salicylic acid as the internal standard. Raw rabbit plasma samples were deproteinized using acetonitrile as a precipitation agent. Chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed-phase C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm), with an isocratic mobile solvent system comprising methanol and 0.1% acetic acid (40:60) as the mobile phase. All the analytes and the internal standard were ionized on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and electrospray ionization, operating in negative mode and multiple reaction monitoring. The analytical approach developed underwent validation in terms of system suitability, specificity, selectivity, LLOQ of 2 ng/mL, linearity (2.0–200 ng/mL, R2 > 0.99), accuracy (the intra- and inter-day from 94 to 110% with the relative standard deviations no more than 8.7%, precision with the recoveries from 97% to 102%, matrix effect (90–100%), carry-over, dilution integrity (2 times), and stability at room and frozen temperature for up to 1 month, and all the parameters met FDA and EMA requirements for bioanalytical methods. The validated procedure was applied to measure the absorption of vitexin and isovitexin from encapsulated extracts in a pilot pharmacokinetic study on rabbit plasma. Compared to the raw traditional extracts, the microcapsules enhanced the bioavailability of vi-texin and isovitexin regarding Cmax and AUC values.

The population of Vietnam remains underrepresented in global genomic databases. Here, we present VN1K, a resource of multi-omics and phenotypic information for 1011 unrelated Vietnamese individuals. We present high-depth short-read whole-genome sequencing data for all samples along with various -omics datasets. Using a high-sensitivity variant detection pipeline, which includes a pangenome graph reference and a deep-learning framework, we identify approximately 42 million variants with 7 million short insertions/deletions and 90 thousand structural variants. VN1K also features a whole-genome methylation profile based on long read sequencing. We create a genotype imputation panel with high accuracy on the Vietnamese population, allowing us to identify variants with significantly different allele frequencies in the Vietnamese population compared to other populations. We establish the functional relevance of some of these variants, particularly those in genes associated with genetic disorders, immune diseases, and drug responses, by integrating the allele frequency differences with known genotype–phenotype associations and clinical annotations. Further, we map various loci related to hepatitis B virus infection, triglyceride levels, LDL-C levels, serum glucose levels, HbA1c levels, and levels of two liver enzymes (ALT and AST). The VN1K dataset is accessible via genome.vinbigdata.org, an integrated platform with both linear and graph-based genome browsers. The population of Vietnam remains underrepresented in global genomic databases. Here, the authors launch VN1K, a pangenome-informed multi-omics resource for the Vietnamese population.