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Supramolecular tessellation has gained increasing interest in supramolecular chemistry for its structural aesthetics and potential applications in optics, magnetics and catalysis. In this work, a new kind of supramolecular tessellations (STs) have been fabricated by the exo-wall interactions of pagoda[4]arene (P4). ST with rhombic tiling pattern was first constructed by P4 itself through favorable π···π interactions between anthracene units of adjacent P4. Notably, various highly ordered STs with different tiling patterns have been fabricated based on exo-wall charge transfer interactions between electron-rich P4 and electron-deficient guests including 1,4-dinitrobenzene, terephthalonitrile and tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile. Interestingly, solvent modulation and guest selection played a crucial role in controlling the molecular arrangements in the co-crystal superstructures. This work not only proves that P4 is an excellent macrocyclic building block for the fabrication of various STs, but also provides a new perspective and opportunity for the design and construction of supramolecular two-dimensional organic materials. Supramolecular tessellation has gained increasing interest in supramolecular chemistry for its structural aesthetics and potential applications in optics, magnetics and catalysis. Here, the authors expand the examples of molecular building blocks for supramolecular tessellation and fabricate supramolecular tessellations using the exo-wall interactions of pagoda[4]arene.

Despite multidisciplinary therapy, the prognosis is poor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the locally advanced stage, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery could provide survival benefits to some patients. Here, we aimed to identify for tumor therapy response a biomarker based on RNA sequencing. We collected endoscopic biopsies of 32 ESCC patients, who were divided according to nCRT response, into two groups: the complete response group (n  =  13) and the non-complete response group (n  =  19). RNA-sequencing data showed that 464 genes were differentially expressed. Increased in non-complete response group, 4 genes increased expressions were AGR2 (anterior gradient 2) , GADD45B (growth arrest and DNA damage inducible beta) , PPP1R15A (protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A) and LRG1 (leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1) . The areas under the curve (AUC) of the AGR2 gene was 0.671 according to read counts of RNA-seq and therapy response of nCRT. In vitro study showed that apoptosis cell was significantly increased in the AGR2- knockdown TE-2 cell line treated with cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), when compared with si-control. Results suggest that in ESCC, the AGR2 gene is a promising and predictive gene marker for the response to anti-tumor therapy.

Autophagy plays a critical role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), mainly by regulating inflammatory and immune responses. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential relevance of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) associated with infiltrating immune cells in OA. GSE114007, GSE169077, and ARGs were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the Human Autophagy database. R software was used to identify the differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) in OA. Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were performed to explore the role of DEARGs in OA cartilage, and then Cytoscape was utilized to screen hub ARGs. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to conduct immune infiltration analysis and evaluate the potential correlation of key ARGs and immune cell infiltration. Then, the expression levels of hub ARGs in OA were further verified by the GSE169077 and qRT-PCR. Finally, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the final hub ARGs. A total of 24 downregulated genes and five upregulated genes were identified, and these genes were enriched in autophagy, mitophagy, and inflammation-related pathways. The intersection results identified nine hub genes, namely, CDKN1A, DDIT3, FOS, VEGFA, RELA, MAP1LC3B, MYC, HSPA5, and HSPA8. GSE169077 and qRT-PCR validation results showed that only four genes, CDKN1A, DDT3, MAP1LC3B, and MYC, were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis results. Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) showed that the expression of these four genes was significantly downregulated in the OA group, which is consistent with the qPCR results. Immune infiltration correlation analysis indicated that DDIT3 was negatively correlated with immature dendritic cells in OA, and FOS was positively correlated with eosinophils. CDKN1A, DDIT3, MAP1LC3B, and MYC were identified as ARGs that were closely associated with immune infiltration in OA cartilage. Among them, DDIT3 showed a strong negative correlation with immature dendritic cells. This study found that the interaction between ARGs and immune cell infiltration may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of OA; however, the specific interaction mechanism needs further research to be clarified. This study provides new insights to further understand the molecular mechanisms of immunity involved in the process of OA by autophagy.

The Bi2MO4Cl (M = Gd and Nd) nanosheets were prepared by a molten salt flux method for the first time. The resulted Bi2GdO4Cl (F-BG) nanosheets showed the highest photocatalytic activity for oxygen (O2) evolution and trypan blue (TB) degradation than Bi2NdO4Cl (F-BN), Bi2GdO4Cl (S-BG) and Bi2NdO4Cl (S-BN) synthesized by a solid-state method. The F-BG nanosheets showed the larger specific surface areas and abundant pores, which could provide more reactive sites. The photoelectrochemical and photoluminescence (PL) results revealed that F-BG sample had the excellent separation and transfer rates of photogenerated charge carriers, leading to the highly photocatalytic performance for both O2 evolution and TB degradation. The UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) showed all samples had the visible-light-responsive characteristic. The radical trapping experiment revealed hole (h+) played a major role, while superoxide radical (·O2-) contributed a little to photocatalytic degradation process. Thus, a possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on the radical trapping experiment. This work shows us a useful insight into the preparation of highly active bismuth-based oxyhalide nanosheets photocatalysts by a molten salt synthesis through surface modification and morphology control and provides the possibility of water splitting under visible light.

A bstract The standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) provides systematic parameterization of all possible new physics above the electroweak scale. According to the amplitude-operator correspondence, an effective operator can be decomposed into a linear combination of several j-basis operators, which correspond to local amplitudes carrying certain spin and gauge quantum numbers in a particular scattering channel. Based on the Poincare and gauge symmetries of scattering amplitude, we construct the j-basis using the Casimir method for both the Lorentz and gauge sectors. The quantum numbers of the j-basis operators fix the quantum numbers of any intermediate state in the corresponding amplitudes, such as a UV resonance. This can be re-interpreted as the j-basis/UV correspondence, thus obtaining the j-bases in all partitions of fields for an operator amounts to finding all of its UV origins at tree level, constituting the central part of the bottom-up EFT framework. Applying the j-basis analysis to SMEFT, we obtain a complete list of possible tree-level UV origins of the effective operators at the dimension 5, 6, 7, and all the bosonic operators at dimension 8.

Abnormal lipid metabolism poses a risk for acute kidney injury (AKI), a prevalent complication among critically ill patients. Early detection and intervention of AKI are essential; however, reliable lipid-derived predictive biomarkers remain understudied. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the novel lipid biomarker atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and AKI in critically ill patients and to construct an AIP-integrated early warning model to identify high-risk patients. Patient data were derived from the MIMIC-IV database (training and internal validation sets) and a local hospital cohort (external validation set). Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between AIP and AKI. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was utilized to explore potential nonlinear relationships. 13 machine learning algorithms were applied to develop and validate prediction models. Additionally, the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method enhance model interpretability. We analyzed 6,062 ICU patients from the MIMIC-IV database and 833 patients from a Chinese hospital cohort. AIP was identified as an independent risk factor for AKI in multivariable logistic regression analyses. RCS regression revealed a nonlinear association between AIP and AKI. The XGBoost + AIP model achieved superior performance with AUCs of 0.8127 (internal) and 0.7228 (external), significantly outperforming the SOFA score (AUC 0.6968). Decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed its clinical applicability. The SHAP method provides critical validation support for the reliability of the XGBoost model. AIP serves not only as a predictive biomarker but as a metabolic phenotype, potentially enabling AI-guided precision prevention strategies in future digital twin-driven AKI care pathways.

A bstract The effective field theory approach parameterizes the low energy behaviors of all possible ultraviolet (UV) theories in a systematic way. One of the most important tasks is thus to find the connection between the effective operators and their UV origins. The redundancy relations among operators make the connection very subtle, hence we proposed the J-basis prescription to illuminate the correspondence between operators and their UV resonances in the bottom-up way. In this work, we work out the dimension-8 J-basis operators in the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT), and find all the 146 (82) tree-level UV resonances along with their couplings up to mass dimension 5 (4). Furthermore, we point out a few subtleties on operator generation via field redefinition and on the UV Lagrangian for generic spin resonances. We also provide a data base storing our results and a Mathematica notebook for extracting those results for the reader’s conveinence.

Over the past decades, supramolecular luminescent materials (SLMs) have attracted considerable attention due to their dynamic noncovalent interactions, versatile functions, and intriguing applications in many research fields. From construction to application, great efforts and progress have been made in color‐tunable SLMs in recent years. In order to realize multicolor luminescence, various design strategies have been proposed. Macrocyclic chemistry, one of the brightest jewels in the field of supramolecular chemistry, has played a crucial role in the construction of stimuli‐responsive and emission‐tunable SLMs. Moreover, the flexible and tunable conformation and multiple noncovalent complexation sites of the macrocyclic arenes (MAs) afford a new opportunity to create such dynamic smart luminescent materials. Inspired by our reported work on the color‐tunable supramolecular crystalline assemblies modulated by the conformation of naphth[4]arene, this Concept provides a summary of the latest developments in the construction of color‐tunable MA‐based SLMs, accompanied by the various construction strategies. The aim is to provide researchers with a new perspective to construct color‐tunable SLMs with fascinating functions. This Concept summarizes the developments and advances in designing strategies toward macrocyclic arene (MA)‐based color‐tunable supramolecular luminescent materials (SLMs). Included discussions are those about metal coordination, stimuli‐responses, guest‐dependence, and conformation modulation where multiple supramolecular systems such as assemblies, host‐guest complexes, and crystalline materials are involved.