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"Nicholls, Adam R"
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High INtensity Interval Training In pATiEnts with intermittent claudication (INITIATE): protocol for a multicentre, proof-of-concept, prospective interventional study
IntroductionThe first-line recommended treatment for patients with intermittent claudication (IC) is a supervised exercise programme (SEP), which includes a minimum of 2-hours of exercise per week over a 12-week period. However, provision, uptake and adherence rates for these SEP programmes are poor, with time constraints cited as a common participant barrier. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is more time-efficient and therefore has the potential to overcome this barrier. However, evidence is lacking for the role of HIIT in those with IC. This proof-of-concept study aims to consider the safety, feasibility, tolerability and acceptability of a HIIT programme for patients with IC.Methods and analysisThis multicentre, single-group, prospective, interventional feasibility study will recruit 40 patients with IC, who will complete 6 weeks of HIIT, 3 times a week. HIIT will involve a supervised programme of 10×1 min high-intensity cycling intervals at 85%–90% peak power output (PPO), interspaced with 10×1 min low intensity intervals at 20%–25% PPO. PPO will be determined from a baseline cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and it is intended that patients will achieve ≥85% of maximum heart rate from CPET, by the end of the second HIIT interval. Primary outcome measures are safety (occurrence of adverse events directly related to the study), programme feasibility (including participant eligibility, recruitment and completion rates) and HIIT tolerability (ability to achieve and maintain the required intensity). Secondary outcomes include patient acceptability, walking distance, CPET cardiorespiratory fitness measures and quality of life outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained via a local National Health Service research ethics committee (Bradford Leeds – 18/YH/0112) and recruitment began in August 2019 and will be completed in October 2020. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences and are expected to inform a future pilot randomised controlled trial of HIIT versus usual-care SEPs.Trial registration numberNCT04042311; Pre-results.
Journal Article
علم النفس في التدريب الرياضي : النظرية والتطبيق
يركز هذا الكتاب على الجوانب النفسية المرتبطة بالتدريب الرياضي ويمثل هذا العمل ترجمة قام بها الدكتور عبد الله عبد الرحمن السليمي والأستاذ الدكتور محمد يوسف حجاج يتناول الكتاب مختلف النظريات وتطبيقاتها العملية في علم النفس الرياضي مما يجعله موردا قيما للطلاب والأكاديميين والمهنيين في مجال علم النفس الرياضي والتمارين البدنية.
BOOK
Mental toughness: managerial and age differences
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate whether employees at various levels of managerial positions (e.g. senior, middle, and junior) exhibit different levels of mental toughness. In addition, the study seeks to explore possible effects of age on mental toughness.Design methodology approach - A total of 522 participants working in UK-based organisations completed demographic information and the Mental Toughness Questionnaire.Findings - Results revealed significant main effects for both managerial position and age. Follow-up analysis revealed that mental toughness ratings were higher in more senior positions, and that mental toughness generally increased with age.Research limitations implications - The main limitation of the study is its cross-sectional design. Longitudinal studies investigating the development of mental toughness over time or the effect of mental toughness training are needed. It appears, however, that age plays a role in an individual's mental toughness profile. This suggests that increased exposure to significant life events may have a positive developmental effect on mental toughness.Originality value - The results of the study would suggest that mental toughness can be developed through appropriate training programmes.
Journal Article
Development and Validation of the Compliant and Principled Sportspersonship Scale
Purpose: A new measure of sportspersonship, which differentiates between compliance and principled approaches, was developed and initially validated in 3 studies. Method: Study 1 developed items, assessed content validity, and proposed a model. Study 2 tested the factorial validity of the model on an independent sample. Study 3 further tested the factorial validity on another independent sample as well as the construct validity. Results: In Study 1, a 71-item questionnaire was developed. Exploratory factor analysis reduced the questionnaire to a 6-factor, 33-item scale explaining 47.70% of the variance. Study 2 tested this revised questionnaire in a series of confirmatory factor analyses, presenting a 24-item and 5-factor model with acceptable fit, χ
2
(242) = 455.9, comparative fit index = .93, Tucker-Lewis Index = .92, standardized root mean square residual = .05, root mean square error of approximation = .04. Study 3 provided some evidence to support the construct validity of the 24-item scale using theoretically associated measures. Conclusions: This series of studies provided some initial validity evidences of the Compliant and Principled Sportspersonship Scale.
Journal Article
The effects of a coping intervention on coping self-efficacy, coping effectiveness, and subjective performance among adolescent soccer players
This study examined the effects of a coping effectiveness training for adolescent soccer players (CETASP) intervention on coping self-efficacy (CSE), coping effectiveness (CE), and subjective performance. The participants were five male soccer players aged between 13 and 14 years (M = 13.6, SD = 0.55), who played for an English Premier League Soccer Academy. A single-subject multiple-baseline, across individuals design was employed. Results suggested that participants' CSE, CE, and subjective performance improved as a result of the CETASP intervention. Additionally, the social validation findings indicated that the participants were satisfied with the development of their coping skills and enjoyed the CETASP. This study provides empirical support for a framework that applied practitioners can use in \"real world\" settings to develop effective coping among academy soccer players.
Journal Article
An exploration of the two-factor schematization of relation meaning and emotions among professional rugby union players
The aim of this paper was to explore Lazarus's two-factor schematization of losses and gains and the emotions generated in response to loss (threat and harm) and gain (challenge and benefit) relational meanings. Participants were 10 professional rugby union players aged between 24 and 35 years (M age = 26.8 years, SD = 5.92). The results revealed that at different times, the same stressor had different relational meanings. For instance, opponent, coach, playing an important match, and injury stressors were appraised as losses and gains. Furthermore, stressful loss relational meanings generated pre-dominantly negative emotions, whereas gain relational meanings generated mainly positive emotions. However, anxiety was the second most reported emotion generated in response to gain relational meanings. This finding suggests that not all gain relational meanings generate positively toned emotions.
Journal Article
Sport injury rehabilitation adherence: Perspectives of recreational athletes
The purpose of this study was to investigate recreational participants' experiences of adhering to a sport injury rehabilitation program. Six participants undertaking a rehabilitation program for a tendonitis-related injury as a result of sport involvement took part in this study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and were thematically analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith & Osborn, 2003). Five themes emerging from the data set were motivation, confidence, coping, social support, and pain. Specifically, a lack of motivation and confidence were perceived to have a negative effect upon home-based rehabilitation adherence while ineffective coping strategies, over support and pain, appeared to have an adverse influence on rehabilitation adherence in a clinic setting. The use of effective coping strategies and varied types of social support aided rehabilitation adherence. Applied implications and future research directions are discussed
Journal Article
Stressors, coping, and coping effectiveness among players from the England under-18 rugby union team
The purpose of this study was to examine stressors, coping strategies, and perceived coping effectiveness among international adolescent rugby players. Eleven English international adolescent rugby union players (M age = 17.9 years) maintained diaries over a 31-day period. The diaries included a stressor checklist, an open-ended coping responses section, and a Likert-type scale evaluation of coping effectiveness. Total reported stressors and coping strategies for the 31-day period were tallied, and the data were subsequently analyzed longitudinally. Overall, the most frequently-cited stressors were making a physical error, receiving coach/parental criticism, making a mental error, injury, and observing an opponent play well. The most frequently cited coping strategies were blocking, increased effort, and taking advice. Coping effectiveness appeared to be related to the choice of the coping strategy deployed. Strategies such as blocking and technical adjustments were generally rated as being more effective than strategies such as self-talk and increasing effort.
Journal Article