Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
499
result(s) for
"Nicholson, Matthew"
Sort by:
Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in 2020 and Beyond
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cause of vascular mortality worldwide and comprises deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In this review, we discuss how an understanding of VTE epidemiology and the results of thromboprophylaxis trials have shaped the current approach to VTE prevention. We will discuss modern thromboprophylaxis as it pertains to genetic risk factors, exogenous hormonal therapies, pregnancy, surgery, medical hospitalization, cancer, and what is known thus far about VTE in COVID-19 infection.
Journal Article
Re-situating utopia
In 'Re-Situating Utopia' Matthew Nicholson argues that international law and international legal theory are dominated by a 'blueprint' utopianism that presents international law as the means of achieving a better global future. Contesting the dominance of this blueprintism, Nicholson argues that this approach makes international law into what philosopher Louis Marin describes as a \"degenerate utopia\"--a fantastical means of trapping thought and practice within contemporary social and political conditions, blocking any possibility that those conditions might be transcended. As an alternative, Nicholson argues for an iconoclastic international legal utopianism--Utopia not as a 'blueprint' for a better future, operating within the confines of existing social and political reality, but as a means of seeking to negate and exit from that reality--as the only way to maintain the idea that international law offers a path towards a truly better future.
Book
Elite sport hubs during COVID-19: The job demands and resources that exist for athletes
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, elite sport leagues implemented hubs, or ‘bubbles’, which restricted athletes’ movements and social interactions in order to minimise the risk of athlete infection and allow competitions to continue. This was a new way of working and living for elite athletes and there was a dearth of literature on this topic. The main objective of the study was to investigate the impacts of the hub model on athletes over time, and what job demands and resources existed for athletes through the application of Demerouti et al. (2001) Job Demands-Resources Model. Multiple sequential semi-structured interviews were conducted with Women’s National Basketball League (WNBL) athletes during the 2020 season, which was held entirely in a hub in North Queensland, Australia. The key job demands in an elite sport hub identified were the volume of work, simultaneous overload and underload, and nature of work in the hub. The key resources that emerged include recovery services, control and player agency, and constructive social relations. Despite the presence of job resources, which work to counteract, or buffer job demands in order to reduce work stress and improve motivation, they were found to be insufficient for athletes and inequitably distributed between clubs. The intensity of the hub model also amplified demands present in all WNBL seasons. This research is therefore useful for planning of future elite sport leagues to improve the type and amount of resources available to athletes, thereby improving athlete wellbeing and performance both within and outside a hub model.
Journal Article
Rapid reduction in biodiversity and abundance of Caribbean coral reef fishes at cleaning stations following removal of coral-dwelling cleaner gobies
Understanding the dynamics of species distribution and abundance, as well as interactions with the biotic environment, is a fundamental goal of ecology. While factors such as food availability, predation, mating, and habitat use have been extensively studied, symbioses, such as parasitism and mutualism, are also crucial drivers of community structure and ecosystem function. A prominent example of this in coral reef environments is cleaning symbiosis, where small fishes or shrimps remove parasites and tissue from larger fishes (clients). In the tropical Atlantic, where Elacatinus cleaner gobies are the dominant cleaner fish, large-scale empirical data on their effects on the distribution, abundance, and diversity of clients are lacking. Thus, how Elacatinus cleaner gobies affect coral reef community structure remains unresolved. This study investigated the impact of cleaner gobies (Elacatinus evelynae) on the spatiotemporal dynamics of mobile clients. We show that biodiversity at locations where cleaner gobies had been experimentally removed was reduced by 23%. Additionally, cleaning stations with cleaner gobies had 1.85 times the number of visits by client fish than cleaning stations where the goby was removed (n = 3,673), and that this effect was apparent within only 10 days. Following cleaner goby removal, client fish visited goby-present cleaning stations more than removal stations, with visitation rates 4.04, 1.85, and 1.97 times higher in Surveys 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Furthermore, the proportion of cleaning stations visited by clients, including goby-present stations, shifted shortly after goby removals. These findings show that cleaner gobies can be important contributors to coral reef community structure by altering activity and distribution of other fishes.
Journal Article
Responsiveness of the single item measure to detect change in physical activity
The objective of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness of the single item measure (SIM) to detect change in PA when compared to hip-worn accelerometry. A secondary aim was to provide further data on validity of the measure at a single time point.
Validity of the SIM to determine the number of days of ≥30 minutes of accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed in 120 participants (78% female, 19% male, 3% other; age: 46 ± 11 years). Analysis of change was based on change in the number of days that participants completed ≥30 minutes of MVPA determined by the SIM and accelerometry over two 7-day periods in 90 participants (age: 47±11 years). Accelerometer data were analysed as total minutes of MVPA per day (MVPA-total) and as sustained bouts of 10 minutes or more of MVPA (MVPA-bouts). Validity of the SIM to detect change in MVPA, using accelerometer data as the reference measurement, was examined through Spearman's correlation and agreement in classification of change between SIM and accelerometry. Responsiveness to change was assessed by standardised response means and Cohen's d.
Standardised response means for PA change were moderate for the SIM (0.77), MVPA-total (0.57) and MVPA-bouts (0.79). The correlation for change in number of days ≥30 minutes MVPA between the SIM and accelerometry were small to moderate (MVPA-total: r = 0.36 and MVP-bouts: r = 0.40). The SIM displayed moderate accuracy (60%-63%), using accelerometer data as the reference measurement, in detecting increases in days ≥30 minutes of MVPA.
The SIM is a potentially useful assessment tool for evaluating change in MVPA, particularly when device-based measures or longer self-report measures are not feasible.
Journal Article
إدارة الرياضة
في هذا الكتاب يزودنا المؤلف بمقدمة شاملة عن التطبيقات العملية لمبادئ الإدارة داخل المؤسسات الرياضية التي تعمل على المستوى الاجتماعي والإقليمي والمحلي والاحترافي. كما يعرض رؤية متوازنة عالميا بين الأساليب المتعارف عليها ونتائج الأبحاث الخاصة بتطبيق عدد من المبادئ والأساليب الإدارية في مجال الرياضة. يأتي الكتاب في ثلاثة أجزاء تعرض : السمات المميزة للرياضة والدوافع الحالية للتغيير في هذا المجال، فضلا عن دور القطاعات الحكومية وغير الربحية والاحترافية في مجال الرياضة، المبادئ الأساسية للإدارة وكيفية تطبيقها في المؤسسات الرياضية، مع إلقاء الضوء على كيفية إدارة تلك المؤسسات مقارنة بالقطاعات الاقتصادية الأخرى. ويتضمن هذه الجزء مناقشة ودراسة للإدارة الاستراتيجية والهيكل المؤسسي وإدارة الموارد البشرية والقيادة وثقافة المؤسسة ونظام الإدارة وإدارة الأداء، التحديات المستقبلية الخاصة بالإدارة في المؤسسات الرياضية.
BOOK
Functional diversity among coral reef fishes as consumers of ectoparasites
Nearly all organisms must cope with parasitic infestation, and most research on parasite ecology in marine systems has focused on the variety of both direct and indirect impacts that parasites can have on hosts. In coral reef ecosystems, gnathiid isopods are one of the most common ectoparasites of fishes. For individuals infested with gnathiids, there is a heavy reliance on intraspecific mutualisms where specialist species groom or “clean” parasites off host fishes. However, gnathiids spend most of their time free-living and not associated with a host and are thus susceptible to consumption by non-cleaner fish species. Here, we investigated if non-cleaner and facultative (less specialized) cleaner fish consume ectoparasitic gnathiid isopods as often or in similar quantities as dedicated (highly specialized) cleaners. To do so, we sampled the gut contents of 797 fishes, representing 61 species and including both cleaner and non-cleaner fishes, to compare their consumption of gnathiid isopods. We found that although there is some site level variation, cleaner fishes eat significantly more gnathiids, and eat them more frequently, compared to non-cleaner fishes. Our results highlight the importance of both dedicated and facultative cleaners as consumers of ectoparasites and show that their role is unlikely to be supplanted by non-cleaner consumers. Furthermore, we suggest that different cleaner species act as complementary rather than redundant specialists.
Journal Article