Explore the vast range of titles available.

This article fills an important gap in the historiography of translations of the Bible into Polish, documenting the origins, subsequent history, and controversies surrounding a translation of the New Testament made near the close of the nineteenth century. Part 1 traces the rise and fall of a translation of the New Testament into Polish published by the Trinitarian Bible Society in London in 1876. The translation contained a number of errors and was replaced with a new version, published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Vienna in 1881. This second, concluding, part of the study continues with a discussion of the British and Foreign Bible Society's response to criticism from the Trinitarian Bible Society, a review of the reception given to the 1881 Warsaw New Testament in the years immediately following its first publication, and an attempt to clarify the confessional identity of the Warsaw translation committee. Part 2 then goes on to describe events of the 1920s, when the TBS1 substituted the Polish New Testament it had first published in 1876 with the version first published by the BFBS in 1881, a step that drew cries of foul play from the BFBS. This is followed by a survey of the translation's subsequent history and usefulness.

This article fills an important gap in the historiography of translations of the Bible into Polish, documenting the origins, subsequent history, and controversies surrounding a translation of the New Testament made near the close of the nineteenth century. First published in its present form by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Vienna in 1881, it is referred to by the present-day Bible Society in Poland (the successor organization to the British and Foreign Bible Society in Poland) as Nowy Testament tzw. warszawski [the Warsaw New Testament]. No longer published by the Bible Society in Poland, this translation is maintained in print today by the British-based Trinitarian Bible Society, which until October 2017 referred to it—erroneously—as a “revision of the Gdańsk text by Count Wegierski,” while most people who have any experience of this translation refer to it—also erroneously—as przekład Goetza [the Goetze translation]. Among other things, this study demonstrates the following: The translation of the New Testament in Polish currently circulated by the Trinitarian Bible Society is not the translation the Society for several decades claimed it to be. The translation of the New Testament in Polish published by the Trinitarian Bible Society in London in 1876 contained a number of errors introduced by Karol Węgierski acting on his own initiative in England and was rejected outright by the Warsaw-based committee that had produced the Gospels–Acts portion of this translation in 1873. The committee eliminated Węgierski's errors and published its own version of the New Testament with the help of the British and Foreign Bible Society in 1881. In the 1920s, the Trinitarian Bible Society substituted the Polish New Testament it had first published in 1876 with the version first published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in 1881, and without making any changes to it began publishing it as their own “new edition,” calling it an “uncorrupted version” produced “after very careful revision.” This substitution was exposed by the British and Foreign Bible Society but was not properly acknowledged at the time. This was particularly unfortunate in view of the Trinitarian Bible Society's strident and sustained criticism of the British and Foreign Bible Society. Very little credit for the actual translation is due to Karol Węgierski; most is due to Karol Gustaw Manitius and the Warsaw translation committee. The confessional diversity of the translation committee, which included representatives of the Lutheran, Reformed, and Roman Catholic Churches, means that the Gospel of Matthew published by the Trinitarian Bible Society in 1870 was the first ecumenical translation of any part of the Bible into Polish and that the 1881 Warsaw New Testament was the first ecumenical translation of the entire New Testament into Polish.

[...]the gray stocks are an inferior kind. Pan tiles are about IS inches long, 8 inches broad, and about half an inch thick; their transverse section is a figure of contrary curvature, the form of the tile being two portions of cylindric surfaces on both sides; the part which is of the greatest radius serves as a channel for discharging the rain water, and the other part, which is of much less radius, serves to lap over the edge of the adjoining tile: at the upper end of the tile projects a knob from the under and convex side, for the purpose of hanging it to the laths. [...]the book covers many of the trades needed to build a house from start to finish.

This article compares the development of labour productivity in the Swedish and the Finnish business sectors and the role of the information and communication technology (ICT) sector in this process. The results show that the Finnish productivity level has been converging towards the Swedish level, but that there is still a significant difference. This trend has coincided with the growing importance of the ICT sector, especially since the mid 1990s. Due to higher productivity and employment growth, the Finnish ICT sector has contributed to this convergence. This is explained by the electrical engineering industry. The Nokia effect has been stronger than the Ericsson effect.

Field penetration tests and shear wave velocity measurements are both established and accepted methods for evaluating liquefaction potential in soils. The results produced by the two methods are generally well correlated. However, recent studies have shown that when investigating tropical lagoonal deposits, the same accepted methods for evaluating liquefaction potential often produce significant discrepancies in results. This discrepancy is most apparent in saturated lagoonal deposits of calcareous gravelly sand (or sandy gravel), which tend to exhibit low penetration resistance values but relatively high shear wave velocities. These disparate test results can suggest different soil classifications under current building codes. Ambiguity in the code may allow for a potentially unconservative classification, which may in turn allow for the use and construction of less costly, lighter weight foundation systems than warranted. Equally as important, the potential for unconservative design as related to liquefaction appears to be high when shear wave velocity measurements are used as a basis for evaluation in these types of lagoonal deposits. Because of this, it is strongly recommended that caution should be excercised when determining seismic design parameters in these types of geologic environments. A hypothesis to explain the discrepancies in the results of evaluation methods and a suggested design protocol is proposed.

Research has shown that students of color continue to lag behind their White peers on standardized test scores and rates of college graduation (Gardner-Neblett et al., 2023) and that exclusionary discipline practices have contributed to this disparity and create negative outcomes for students (Bottiani et al., 2023; Cruz et al., 2021). Subjective disciplinary referrals can lead to increased levels of suspension and expulsion for students (Cruz et al., 2021) and levels of racial implicit bias demonstrated by school administrators explained a substantial portion of the differences in severity in outcomes for subjective disciplinary referrals (Gullo & Beachum, 2020c). Structural Interactionism can serve as a way to explore how implicit bias training can positively impact student disciplinary outcomes without revising current disciplinary structures within schools and was utilized as the theoretical framework for the present phenomenological research study that asked: How do elementary school administrators perceive implicit bias training affects their approach to subjective disciplinary referrals for students of color? A semi-structured interview protocol was developed that was aligned to the theoretical framework of Structural Interactionism and data were analyzed to discover themes that served to answer the stated research question. Findings suggest that implicit bias training equips elementary administrators to combat disproportionate disciplinary outcomes for students of color without having to update discipline codes within the school.

The untold story of the Roman animal trade and the arena games. For over seven hundred years, the Romans trapped, transported and slaughtered wild and exotic animals in the Empire's arenas of death.

Nicholson believes that intellectual authority should have a close correlation with expertise as conventionally recognized and should flow from the tried and true, although never infallible, processes of peer review and other forms of elite consensus building. He questions that in the rapidly growing infosphere, has the wisdom of crowds left no room for the sagacity of experts?

The federal government's main strategy to sustain economic prosperity in coming years is through innovation. Yet for decades, successive governments have attempted to promote business innovation and failed. Indeed, Canadian businesses have managed to be successful despite their poor innovation performance. This time may be different. Globalization, technology, sustainability concerns and population aging will inevitably impose a shift to innovation as a core business strategy. Hence the need for an ambitious and comprehensive innovation policy to help promote economic growth. For this strategy to succeed, however, will require nothing less than a whole-of-government approach and a recognition that business is the primary vector of innovation in the economy.