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Stair climbing can be a low-cost and relatively accessible way to add everyday physical activity, but many building stairwells are inaccessible or unpleasant and elevators are far more convenient. This study explores the use of and attitude toward stairs in an innovative office building where the main elevators for ablebodied users stop only at every third floor (\"skip-stop\" elevators). These users are expected to walk up or down nearby stairs that have been made open and appealing (\"skip-stop\" stairs). The study takes advantage of a natural experiment. Some workers' offices were clustered around the skip-stop elevator and the stairs, whereas others had access to a traditional elevator core, that is, an elevator that stopped at each floor with nearby fire exit stairs. Stair use on the open skip-stop stairs and enclosed fire stairs was measured using infrared monitors and card-reader activity logs. An online survey of employees (N= 299, a 17.4% response rate) gathered information on stair use and attitudes and behaviors toward physical activity; interviews with key personnel identified major implementation issues. The skip-stop stair was used 33 times more than the enclosed stair of the traditional elevator core, with 72.% of survey participants reporting daily stair use. Although implementation issues related to organizational objectives, costs, security, barrier-free accessibility, and building codes exist, the skip-stop feature offers a successful strategy for increasing stair use in workplaces.

According to the U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), employers should have PPE programs if PPE is used at their facility. [...]PPE programs should be part of a much bigger hazard identification and risk reduction program, where a comprehensive approach is used to identify risks and protect workers. [...]conduct an analysis of the data and evaluate whether a better PPE selection should be offered. There's no such thing as \"one size fits all\" Even hearing protection comes in different sizes for different-sized ear canals.

While many safety professionals attempt to use electrical safety regulations, they may not understand the basis for the regulations and thus may not implement the regulations correctly. This is not surprising due to the complex wording of most regulations. This book presents a detailed description of the components of an electrical system. It explains the basis for the electrical safety regulations and identifies key safety items. It also covers how the electrical concepts apply to all major components of an electrical system within a facility.

The definitions of \"chemical\" college freshmen enrolled in a general chemistry course hold are compared with the scientific view of a chemical. The research indicates that students are entering college without fully grasping the scientific meanings of technical words.

Although increasing stair use among adults with sedentary occupations can provide an accessible means of integrating moderate physical activity within daily work routines, there is little evidence-based information available to guide architects on how to design buildings that promote stair use. This study examined the relationship between stair use and a broad range of features of the physical environment within 10 buildings. Based on a review of the literature, a thematic framework (Appeal, Convenience, Comfort, Legibility and Safety) was developed for identifying the features of buildings that may influence stair use. Three methods of investigation were used to examine the relationship between stair use and variables of the five themes and their constructs. Buildings users were surveyed for their reasons for both single and multi-level route choice. The results indicated that reasons associated with convenience and legibility of route had greater influence on route choice than appeal, comfort or safety. Stair and elevator use were measured in the ten buildings along with variables that operationalized the thematic framework. Regression analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between stair use and the operationalized variables of the thematic framework. The results of regression analysis indicated that stair use was associated with 8 key spatial variables of convenience and legibility (travel distances from stair to nearest entrance and to the elevator; percentage of total building area or total occupant load attributed to each stair; physical accessibility of each stair; area of stair isovist; number of turns from the stair to closest entrance and to the most integrated path). Most local environmental features of stairs such as lighting levels and views were not statistically influential. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that three variables (effective area of each stair, area of stair isovist, and number of turns required between the stair and the most integrated path) explained 53% of stair use. A graphic analysis of the arrangement of the 8 key spatial variables within the ten buildings indicated that buildings with high overall levels of stair use optimized the key spatial variables in respect to the location of stair(s) within the building floor plan.

Nicoll reports which definitions of a \"chemical\" are verbalized among undergraduate senior chemistry majors and compares these responses with those of freshman-level general chemistry students.

There appear to exist at least two definitions of what a chemical is, a popular society definition and a scientific one. This study investigated the pervasiveness of these views among students enrolled in a freshman level college general chemistry course. It was found that only 30 percent of the students in second semester held a scientific definition of a chemical, while another 30 percent held a popular definition. The remaining 40 percent held views intermediate between these. A correlation may exist between the amount of television students watched as they grew up and the type of views they hold about chemicals.

In addition to the traditional lecture format, three other teaching strategies (class discussions, concept maps, and cooperative learning) were incorporated into a freshman level general chemistry course. Student perceptions of their involvement in each of the teaching methods, as well as their perceptions of the utility of each method were used to assess the effectiveness of the integration of the teaching strategies as received by the students. Results suggest that each strategy serves a unique purpose for the students and increased student involvement in the course. These results indicate that the multiple teaching strategies were well received by the students and that all teaching strategies are necessary for students to get the most out of the course.

This paper compares two protocols for web-based instruction using simulations in an introductory physics class. The Inquiry protocol allowed students to control input parameters while the Worked Example protocol did not. Students in the Worked Example group performed significantly higher on a common assessment. The ramifications of this study are discussed in relation to Scientific Discovery Learning and Cognitive Load Theory.