Explore the vast range of titles available.

Transfer of technology from university based research centers to commercial enterprises is a complex process but nowhere is it more challenging than in the field of biotechnology. To facilitate the exchange many states have established biotechnology centers--bridging organizations between research and commerce. The centers are brokers between scientists and entrepreneurs, and provide basic administrative services, e.g., arranging market opportunities and making introduction to financial resources. At its heart though the process calls for building collaborative relationships. Thirty-nine dyadic interprofessional relationships between scientists, entrepreneurs, and biotechnology center staff, at six biotechnology centers, are analyzed. Informants are members on 18 commercialization projects. Two types of collaboration are suggested. Interprofessional Collaboration is an emergent process of learning among autonomous stakeholders in a problem domain, where standard roles are not applicable, to form a shared ethic leading to creative solutions to domain level issues. Cooperation, on the other hand, is an interactive process to manage recurring issues of a problem domain in accordance with established values, norms and structures. Three project strategies are identified. Each strategy reflects an increasing level of complexity of intentionalities, and of collaborative interrelationships. Technology Exchange is a task dominant process of cooperation to adapt and use technological innovations in novel situations. Team Building is a highly interpersonal process of collaboration to establish a flow of technology innovations from scientist to entrepreneur which will be fruitful over time. Converting Scientists to Entrepreneurs is a highly interpersonal process as the scientist gains help in becoming an entrepreneur. Moreover, it is highly intrapersonal for the scientist undergoing transformation of professional roles. Grinnell (1967) posits a four stage, developmental model of collaboration involving task, and interpersonal interactions. Four interpersonal collaborative factors that underlie the process are identified: Attunement--understanding of the professional roles of others; Role Free Collaboration--engaging in activities beyond one's own professional role boundaries; Goal Directedness--agreement on task, and interpersonal goals; and, Cooperative Energy--voluntary investment of self in project activities. Moreover, the findings differentiate between the first three stages in Grinnell's model, and support its use in the analysis of commercialization activities in biotechnology and similar nascent scientific fields. In application, the study suggests a new role for biotechnology center staff--active participation on commercialization projects, using project strategies to facilitate collaborative relationships among scientists, entrepreneurs and scientist-entrepreneurs.

How important were those years? I can only rely on my own experience. I was born in New York City to Finnish immigrants. Relatives from both sides of the family had fought in the Second World War. As a child, I listened to the stories of normally taciturn men who, on rare occasions, spoke of what it was like. How in 1939 against the Soviet Union, they waged fierce battles opposing massive Soviet manpower and armor. Fighting on skis, sometimes with little more than rifles and Molotov cocktails, the Finns achieved a stalemate before their adversary's air power forced a bitter defeat. Henry Kissinger, one of the principal strategists of the Vietnam War, is occasionally bothered by the past: biographies keep turning out badly. Facts, unlike bodies, refuse to stay buried. His intelligence, once seen as a gift, now seems more like a curse, making him exquisitely sensitive to any criticism. Is he troubled in his declining years by a bad conscience? Nevertheless, there are still places to go - like Vancouver - where he can speak to respectful audiences for handsome fees. All in all, a better fate than the one afforded [Jacob Luitjens].

Shutting up [Ernst Zundel] will not get rid of his views. Prosecuting Zundel only serves to encourage attempts to silence other voices of dissent. The fruit of this futile pursuit is clearly visible in Ottawa at this very moment. It would be tragic if the lessons of the Holocaust were misused to silence dissent. On the final show of his television series, The Ascent Of Man, Jacob Bronowski made a moving plea for freedom of thought and expression. Having offered a brilliant survey of the intellectual achievements of humankind, Bronowski, a mathematician and teacher, came at last to the crematoriums at Auschwitz. Standing at the edge of a pool of water in front of the crematorium, he crouched down and withdrew from the water a handful of mud. He said this: Censorship offers no solution; it's a feeble tool in the hands of would-be tyrants. The only antidote to vile, hateful speech is - as others have noted - more speech: speech at times loud and raucous, often rude and offensive; speech containing many voices clamoring to be heard. In the end, it is the best hope for this democracy - that and the good judgment of the people.

This dissertation is a comprehensive critical survey of Weldon Kees's fiction. The Introduction to this study situates elements of Kees's fiction within competing literary traditions: Naturalism, Modernism, and Social Realism. Sherwood Anderson's fiction is Kees's chief model for his stories of entrapment: tales that portray Depression-era denizens of the Midwest in constrictive, tension-laden situations. By contrast, an equally sizable portion of Kees's short fiction is satire in the Sinclair Lewis vein. In terms of prose style, Kees mostly imitated Hemingway. Yet James T. Farrell was also an important influence. Farrell's proletarian concerns, social determinism, and use of indirect discourse all loom large in Kees's work as well. Still Kees's master theme--alienation leading to identity dissolution--is distinctly his own. Chapter One surveys Kees's apprentice work as a fiction writer. These dozen stories, published between 1934 and 1937, exhibit considerable thematic diversity. Testing the range of his creative powers, Kees wrote tales of failed romance, satires, stories of entrapment, tales of rescue and escape. A recurring theme is the weak male at the mercy of the dominant female. Chapter Two examines some sixteen stories Kees published between 1937 and 1940. This phase of Kees's work is marked by an increasingly strong bifurcation between satires and stories of entrapment, a bifurcation indicative of Kees's deeply conflicted feelings regarding his family and his native community. During this period Kee's misogynist tendencies are most pronounced. Chapter Three is a reading of Kees's novel, Fall Quarter, (1941) as a story of entrapment. The protagonist, William Clay, is an incipient alcoholic involved in a deluded romance that nearly destroys him: Kees's commentary on the dangers arising from arrested identity formation. Chapter Four examines Kees's later fiction, published between 1940 and 1945. In these last stories, the authorial fear and loathing for mainstream America much manifest in the earlier work softens. Kees's harsh portrayals of women become more empathic and satire and story of entrapment merge into a new form, marked by thoroughgoing irony. All of these developments tends to indicate that Kees had come to some understanding about his own identity--and internal resolution that allowed him to redefine his relationship to his culture, from rage to pity.

This study investigates the implicit financial incentives of individual Big 4 audit partners by examining the association between a partner's compensation and characteristics of the audit firm, audit partner, and individual partner clientele for Big 4 firms in Sweden. Using tax and financial data for individual audit partners and clients, our empirical findings indicate that there is significant variation in the implicit determinants that are associated with compensation across the Big 4. We find that audit partners' compensation is positively associated with the size of their clientele or the number of publicly traded clients, both of which represent revenue-generating opportunities. Similarly, compensation and developing an industry specialization are positively related. In three firms, gaining clients is clearly related to an increase in compensation, while losing a client is associated with a reduction in partner income in only one firm. We find that audit partner income is more sensitive to performance-related incentives, such as attracting new clients, as partners progress in their career. Finally, we find evidence that audit failures, proxied by reporting errors related to issuing a going concern opinion, are associated with lower compensation. These results should be of interest to the auditing profession, audit firms, and regulators when they consider the effects of implicit incentives of partner compensation on audit quality.

ObjectiveThe aim of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the efficacy of a guided internet-based stress management intervention (iSMI) among distressed managers compared with a attention control group (AC) with full access to treatment-as-usual.MethodA total sample of 117 distressed managers, mainly employed in the healthcare, IT, communication and educational sector, were randomised to either iSMI (n=59) or an AC group (n=58). The iSMI consisted of eight modules including cognitive behavioural stress management and positive management techniques. Participants received a minimal and weekly guidance from a psychologist or master-level psychology student focusing on support, feedback and adherence to the intervention. Self-report data were assessed at pre, post and 6 months after the intervention. The primary outcome was perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale-14). The secondary outcomes included mental and work-related health outcomes.ResultsParticipants in the iSMI intervention reported significantly less symptoms of perceived stress (d=0.74, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.19) and burnout (d=0.95, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.37) compared with controls, at postassessment. Significant medium-to-large effect sizes were also found for depression, insomnia and job satisfaction. Long-term effects (6 months) were seen on the mental health outcomes.ConclusionThis is one of the first studies showing that iSMIs can be an effective, accessible and potentially time-effective approach of reducing stress and other mental-related and work-related health symptoms among distressed managers. Future studies are needed addressing distressed managers and the potential of indirect effects on employee stress and satisfaction at work.