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The interpretation of the Christology of Colossians in modern scholarship has depended to a certain extent upon an analysis of Stoic philosophy as a potential conceptual background for the affirmation in Col 1:18a that Christ is \"the head of the body.\" If the \"body\" spoken of here is the body of the cosmos as the Stoics understood it, then Christ must be its \"cosmic head.\" This article examines whether this works on Stoicism's own terms; that is, would a Stoic have advanced the notion that the cosmic body has a head?

Abstract The interpretation of the Christology of Colossians in modern scholarship has depended to a certain extent upon an analysis of Stoic philosophy as a potential conceptual background for the affirmation in Col 1:18a that Christ is \"the head of the body.\" If the \"body\" spoken of here is the body of the cosmos as the Stoics understood it, then Christ must be its \"cosmic head.\" This article examines whether this works on Stoicism's own terms; that is, would a Stoic have advanced the notion that the cosmic body has a head?

DNA coding for bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase was ligated to a vaccinia virus transcriptional promoter and integrated within the vaccinia virus genome. The recombinant vaccinia virus retained infectivity and stably expressed T7 RNA polymerase in mammalian cells. Target genes were constructed by inserting DNA segments that code for β -galactosidase or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase into a plasmid with bacteriophage T7 promoter and terminator regions. When cells were infected with the recombinant vaccinia virus and transfected with plasmids containing the target genes, the latter were expressed at high levels. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity was 400-600 times greater than that observed with conventional mammalian transient-expression systems regulated either by the enhancer and promoter regions of the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat or by the simian virus 40 early region. The vaccinia/T7 hybrid virus forms the basis of a simple, rapid, widely applicable, and efficient mammalian expression system.