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A bstract We propose to realize the (natural) NMSSM spectrum from deflected AMSB with new messenger-matter interactions. With additional messenger-matter interactions involving 10 ⊕ 10 ¯ representation messengers, the muon g-2 anomaly can be solved at 2 σ (or 3 σ ) level with the corresponding gluino mass range 2.8 TeV < m g ˜ < 5 . 4 TeV (or 2 . 6 TeV < m g ˜ < 7 . 3 TeV). Besides, our scenario is fairly natural within which the involved fine tuning can be as low as 47. So, in the framework of AMSB-type scenarios, the NMSSM can be advantageous to explain the muon g-2 anomaly in compare with the MSSM.

Background: Polysaccharide-based dynamic hydrogels are promising for wound management due to their biocompatibility, injectability, and tunable biofunctionality. The integration of therapeutic gasotransmitter donors offers a strategy to modulate the wound microenvironment. Objectives: This study aimed to develop an injectable, self-healing carbohydrate hydrogel capable of sustained hydrogen sulfide (H2S) release for burn wound therapy, and to evaluate its physicochemical properties, in vivo efficacy, and mechanism of action. Methods: A dynamic hydrogel (ACMOD) was fabricated via Schiff-base crosslinking between oxidized dextran (OD) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), incorporating the H2S donor 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (ADT-OH). Rheological and recovery tests characterized its mechanical and self-healing properties. Efficacy and mechanisms were assessed in a rat full-thickness burn model, analyzing wound closure, histology, oxidative stress, macrophage polarization, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. Results: ACMOD exhibited shear-thinning, rapid self-healing, and strong tissue adherence. Sustained H2S release from ACMOD significantly accelerated wound closure and improved tissue regeneration compared to controls. Mechanistically, H2S attenuated oxidative stress, promoted a pro-regenerative M2 macrophage phenotype, enhanced angiogenesis via VEGF upregulation, and fostered organized collagen deposition and extracellular matrix remodeling. Conclusions: This work demonstrates a versatile, carbohydrate-based dynamic hydrogel platform that synergizes polymer network dynamics with bioactive H2S delivery to effectively promote burn wound healing. The findings underscore the potential of polysaccharide hydrogels with integrated gasotransmitter release for regenerative therapy and biomaterials applications.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is a severe neurovascular disease that urgently requires effective therapeutic interventions. Recently, hydrogen sulfide (H S) has garnered significant attention as a potential treatment for stroke; however, the precise and targeted delivery of H S remains a considerable challenge for its clinical application. We have developed HSDF-NH , a novel H S donor characterized by high selectivity, self-reporting capabilities, and the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). HSDF-NH effectively scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) while generating H S, with emitted fluorescence facilitating the visualization and quantification of H S release. This compound has demonstrated protective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and contributes to the reconstruction of brain structure and function in a rat stroke model (tMCAO/R). As a ROS-responsive, self-reporting, and fluorescent H S donor, HSDF-NH holds considerable promise for the treatment of ischemic diseases beyond stroke.

A bstract PandaX-4T is a ton-scale dark matter direct detection experiment using a dual-phase TPC technique at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. Various ultra-low background technologies have been developed and applied to material screening for PandaX-4T, including HPGe gamma spectroscopy, ICP-MS, NAA, radon emanation measurement system, krypton assay station, and alpha detection system. Low background materials were selected to assemble the detector. Surface treatment procedures were investigated to further suppress radioactive background. Combining measured results and Monte Carlo simulation, the total material background rates of PandaX-4T in the energy region of 1–25 keV ee are estimated to be (9.9 ± 1.9) × 10 − 3 mDRU for electron recoil and (2.8 ± 0.6) × 10 − 4 mDRU for nuclear recoil. In addition, nat Kr in the detector is estimated to be < 8 ppt.

We propose a major upgrade to the existing PandaX-4T experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. The new experiment, PandaX-xT, will be a multi-ten-tonne liquid xenon, ultra-low background, and general-purpose observatory. The full-scaled PandaX-xT contains a 43-t liquid xenon active target. Such an experiment will significantly advance our fundamental understanding of particle physics and astrophysics. The sensitivity of dark matter direct detection will be improved by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to the current best limits, approaching the so-called “neutrino floor” for a dark matter mass above 10 GeV/c 2 , providing a key test to the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle paradigm. By searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of 136 Xe isotope in the detector, the effective Majorana neutrino mass can be measured to a 10–41 meV/c 2 sensitivity, providing a key test to the Dirac/Majorana nature of neutrinos. Astrophysical neutrinos and other ultra-rare interactions can also be measured and searched for with an unprecedented background level, opening up new windows of discovery. Depending on the findings, PandaX-xT will seek the next stage upgrade utilizing isotopic separation of natural xenon.

Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) is a leading candidate proposed to solve discrepancies between predictions of the prevailing cold dark matter theory and observations of galaxies. Many SIDM models predict the existence of a light force carrier that mediates strong dark matter self-interactions. If the mediator couples to the standard model particles, it could produce characteristic signals in dark matter direct detection experiments. We report searches for signals of SIDM models with a light mediator using the full dataset of the PandaX-II experiment, basing on a total exposure of 132 tonne-days. No significant excess over background is found, and our likelihood analysis leads to a strong upper limit on the dark matter-nucleon coupling strength. We further combine the PandaX-II constraints and those from observations of the light element abundances in the early universe, and show that direct detection and cosmological probes can provide complementary constraints on dark matter models with a light mediator.

In dark matter direct detection experiments, neutron is a serious source of background, which can mimic the dark matter-nucleus scattering signals. In this paper, we present an improved evaluation of the neutron background in the PandaX-II dark matter experiment by a novel approach. Instead of fully relying on the Monte Carlo simulation, the overall neutron background is determined from the neutron-induced high energy signals in the data. In addition, the probability of producing a dark-matter-like background per neutron is evaluated with a complete Monte Carlo generator, where the correlated emission of neutron(s) and γ (s) in the ( α , n) reactions and spontaneous fissions is taken into consideration. With this method, the neutron backgrounds in the Run 9 (26-ton-day) and Run 10 (28-ton-day) data sets of PandaX-II are estimated to be (0.66±0.24) and (0.47±0.25) events, respectively.

Abstract We perform a search of double beta decay of 136Xe to the excited state, 0 1 + 0₁⁺ , of 136Ba (2νββ- 0 1 + 0₁⁺ ), using the dual-phase xenon detector of PandaX-4T with the first 94.9-day commissioning data. The multi-site events are reconstructed up to the MeV energy scale, which helps to improve the background model significantly. The background contribution from the stainless steel platform outside PandaX-4T cryostat is evaluated for the first time. No significant evidence for 2νββ- 0 1 + 0₁⁺ is observed, resulting in a lower limit on half-life of 7.5 × 1022 yr at the 90% confidence level. This is the first experimental limit on such a rare decay in a natural xenon-based detector.

We report a systematic determination of the responses of PandaX-II, a dual phase xenon time projection chamber detector, to low energy recoils. The electron recoil (ER) and nuclear recoil (NR) responses are calibrated, respectively, with injected tritiated methane or \\(^{220}\\)Rn source, and with \\(^{241}\\)Am-Be neutron source, within an energy range from \\(1-25\\) keV (ER) and \\(4-80\\) keV (NR), under the two drift fields of 400 and 317 V/cm. An empirical model is used to fit the light yield and charge yield for both types of recoils. The best fit models can well describe the calibration data. The systematic uncertainties of the fitted models are obtained via statistical comparison against the data.

The Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) is a powerful dual calorimeter capable of estimating particle energy from both ionization charge and scintillation light. Our study shows that, due to the recombination luminescence, the LArTPC functions as a self-compensating light calorimeter: the missing energy in the hadronic component is compensated for by the increased luminescence relative to the electromagnetic component. Using 0.5--5 GeV electron neutrino charged current interactions as a case study, we show that good compensation of the electron-to-hadron response ratio (e/h) from 1--1.05 can be achieved across a broad range of drift electric fields (0.2--1.8 kV/cm), with better performance for neutrino energies above 2 GeV. This study highlights the potential of light calorimetry in LArTPCs for GeV neutrino energy reconstruction, complementing traditional charge calorimetry. Under ideal conditions of uniform light collection, we show that LArTPC light calorimetry can achieve an energy resolution comparable to the charge imaging calorimetry. Challenges arising from nonuniform light collection in large LArTPCs can be mitigated with a position-dependent light yield correction derived from 3D charge signal imaging.