Explore the vast range of titles available.

This article examines the attack on a mosque in Samalanga, Aceh, Indonesia, by showing the relations between religious ideology, the state, and paramilitary groups. Intolerance studies in the Muslim world pay less attention to the ideology in the sectarian state, and its influence on attacking houses of worship. Using the state-parallel theory to look at the case of the attack on the Muhammadiyah Mosque in Samalanga, Aceh, this article argues that attacking the house of worship cannot be separated from state ideology. Based on the case study, data are collected by interviewing actors, such as the Aswaja group, staff government in Sangso, and Muhammadiyah members in Sangso. In the end, the article concluded that intolerance in the Muslim world can be seen from the parallel relation between religious ideology, state, and religious paramilitary.

Protected forest areas offer unique ecotourism opportunities that have the potential to generate economic benefits and alleviate poverty in local communities. However, ecotourism development can also lead to environmental degradation and social issues. This study explores how local knowledge of nature conservation can be utilized to implement a green economy through ecotourism development while maintaining community welfare and environmental protection. The study utilized a descriptive qualitative method involving direct observations, in-depth interviews, relevant documents and literature analysis. The data collected were analyzed interactively through three stages: data condensation, data display and conclusion, and verification by triangulation. The findings demonstrate that the people living in Bur Telege possess knowledge of forest management, including ethical entry to the forest and its utilization. This knowledge system was actualized through the formation of a Village Owned Enterprise, which was further strengthened by traditional values and norms that were institutionalized into the village regulation known as the Qanun on Environmental Conservation. The study also found that traditional ceremonies and local community involvement are essential for sustainable tourism development. Thus, this study highlights the importance of recognizing and utilizing local knowledge and traditional values in ecotourism development for sustainable destination development. The study's contributions can serve as valuable lessons and inspiration for governments and communities alike in developing green economy ecotourism sustainably.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the rationalities and strategies of developing mangrove forests as ecotourism and its impact on socio-economic transformation.   Method: The research was conducted using exploratory qualitative methods with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies. Interviews were conducted with representatives of local governments, tourism agencies, the village head, the local communities, mangrove tourism management groups, local traders, employees, and tourists. The data were analyzed with an interactive model using an inductive approach.   Result and conclusion: Based on the analysis, two main rationalities were identified in developing protected mangrove ecotourism; economic potential and environmental conservation of mangroves. In addition, three strategies were carried out to transform protected mangroves into ecotourism; building community awareness, conducting good cooperation across sectors, and strengthening tourism development by making mayoral regulations.   Finding implication: The mangrove ecotourism has an impact on collective awareness and encourages the community to preserve mangroves for their economic interests based on the principle of sustainable environmental conservation. Finally, this study confirms that economic rationalities and mangrove conservation as ecotourism objects encourage stakeholders to find sustainable strategies for managing ecotourism-protected mangroves to ensure the realization of a blue economy.

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é analisar as racionalidades e estratégias de desenvolvimento de manguezais como ecoturismo e seu impacto na transformação socioeconômica. Método: A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando métodos qualitativos exploratórios com técnicas de coleta de dados por meio de observação, entrevistas em profundidade e estudos documentais. Foram realizadas entrevistas com representantes de governos locais, agências de turismo, chefe da aldeia, comunidades locais, grupos de gestão do turismo de mangue, comerciantes locais, funcionários e turistas. Os dados foram analisados com um modelo interativo usando uma abordagem indutiva. Resultado e conclusão: Com base na análise, duas racionalidades principais foram identificadas no desenvolvimento do ecoturismo de manguezais protegidos, potencial econômico e conservação ambiental dos manguezais. Além disso, foram realizadas três estratégias para transformar manguezais protegidos em ecoturismo; construindo a conscientização da comunidade, conduzindo uma boa cooperação entre os setores e fortalecendo o desenvolvimento do turismo por meio de regulamentos municipais. Implicações da descoberta: O ecoturismo de manguezais tem um impacto na consciência coletiva e incentiva a comunidade a preservar os manguezais para seus interesses econômicos com base no princípio da conservação ambiental sustentável. Por fim, este estudo confirma que as racionalidades econômicas e a conservação de manguezais como objetos de ecoturismo encorajam as partes interessadas a encontrar estratégias sustentáveis na gestão de manguezais protegidos pelo ecoturismo para garantir a realização de uma economia azul.

The social resilience of not being a part of drug dealers in the former drug base is determined by their economic welfare. Growing and sustainable economic prosperity are related to the existence of an economic business that can be run intensively and stable. This article aims to explore the process and success of empowering the ex-drug base community in the village of Ujoeng Pacu , Lhokseumawe City, Aceh. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach. The use of this ethnographic method is to understand the socio-cultural events under study which then display the data by describing these events. The data were collected using the live-in method, observation, in-depth interviews, and document study. This study found that the economic empowerment of the ex-drug base community of Ujoeng Pacu by implementing the cultivation of soka crabs and tilapia salina succeeded in increasing their economic welfare. The success of this empowerment program is passed through the stages of knowledge transfer, stimulus capital, linking marketing networks, and intensive mentoring. Sustainable income and stable welfare have proven to be the main shield for the growth and development of social resilience in the community, and in return, they will not be a part of drug-traffickers.