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"Niu, Yu"
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Boron-doped sodium layered oxide for reversible oxygen redox reaction in Na-ion battery cathodes
Na-ion cathode materials operating at high voltage with a stable cycling behavior are needed to develop future high-energy Na-ion cells. However, the irreversible oxygen redox reaction at the high-voltage region in sodium layered cathode materials generates structural instability and poor capacity retention upon cycling. Here, we report a doping strategy by incorporating light-weight boron into the cathode active material lattice to decrease the irreversible oxygen oxidation at high voltages (i.e., >4.0 V vs. Na
+
/Na). The presence of covalent B–O bonds and the negative charges of the oxygen atoms ensures a robust ligand framework for the NaLi
1/9
Ni
2/9
Fe
2/9
Mn
4/9
O
2
cathode material while mitigating the excessive oxidation of oxygen for charge compensation and avoiding irreversible structural changes during cell operation. The B-doped cathode material promotes reversible transition metal redox reaction enabling a room-temperature capacity of 160.5 mAh g
−1
at 25 mA g
−1
and capacity retention of 82.8% after 200 cycles at 250 mA g
−1
. A 71.28 mAh single-coated lab-scale Na-ion pouch cell comprising a pre-sodiated hard carbon-based anode and B-doped cathode material is also reported as proof of concept.
The irreversible oxygen redox reaction during charging to the high-voltage region causes cathode structural degradation and Na-ion cell capacity fading. Here, the authors report a B-doped cathode active material to mitigate the irreversible oxygen oxidation and increase the cell capacity.
Journal Article
Inulin-type fructans supplementation improves glycemic control for the prediabetes and type 2 diabetes populations: results from a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of 33 randomized controlled trials
Background
Currently, many clinical trials have shown that inulin-type fructans (ITF) supplementation is associated with glycemic control; nevertheless, the results are inconclusive. The aim of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to assess the effects of ITF supplementation on glycemic control.
Methods
PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible articles up to March 6, 2019. A random-effects model was used to analyze the pooled results, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was applied to assess the quality of evidence. The dose–response model was used to recommend the daily dose and duration for ITF supplementation.
Results
Thirty-three trials involving 1346 participants were included. Overall, ITF supplementation could significantly reduce concentrations of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In the prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) population, a more significant reduction in FBG [weighted mean difference (WMD): − 0.60 mmol/l; 95% CI − 0.71, − 0.48 mmol/l; high rate], HbA1c (WMD: − 0.58%; 95% CI − 0.83, − 0.32%; high rate), FINS (WMD: − 1.75 µU/ml; 95% CI − 2.87, − 0.63 µU/ml; low rate), and HOMA-IR (WMD: − 0.69; 95% CI − 1.10, − 0.28; low rate) were observed, and ITF supplementation with a daily dose of 10 g for a duration of 6 weeks and longer was recommended. Moreover, subgroup analyses suggested that the effects of glycemic control were significantly influenced by the sex of the subjects and the type and the method of intake of ITF.
Conclusions
Our analyses confirmed that these four main glycemic indicators were significantly reduced by ITF supplementation, particularly in the prediabetes and T2DM population. Evidence supports that reasonable administration of ITF supplementation may have potential clinical value as an adjuvant therapy for prediabetes and T2DM management.
Trial registration
The trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42018115875 on November 23, 2018.
Journal Article
Gut microbiota related steroid hormone biosynthesis provide novel insights into high-salt diet related renal injury vit gut-kidney axis
High-salt diet (HSD) is a major risk factor for renal injury, and gut microbiota may play a role in this process. In this study, we investigated the potential role of gut microbiota in HSD-related renal injury and the microbial mechanisms involved. Through function observation, mechanism screening, and further verification using transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling and bioinformatics, we found that HSD caused renal dysfunction, inflammation, hypoimmunity, and serious renal damage in conventional mice, but this effect was absent in germ-free (GF) mice. Differential gene set enrichment analyses of the gut and kidney identified the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway as a main culprit. For further verification, differential metabolite set enrichment analyses of feces indicated the involvement of the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. Through comprehensive profiling of intestinal and renal tissues along with fecal samples, we detected three genes and two metabolites showing prominent enrichment in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. RT-qPCR suggested that the core gene
Cyp1a1
, which depends on the interplay between HSD and gut microbiota, was inhibited in both the gut and kidney in HSD-related renal injury. Finally, dehydroepiandrosterone decreased the mRNA expression of
Cyp1a1
in the gut and kidney. The data suggest that HSD promotes renal injury by manipulating the gut-kidney axis via gut microbiota and strengthening the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. The study expands the current knowledge on the gut microbial control of the gut-kidney axis in HSD-related renal injury, which finally provides novel insights into the therapeutic strategies for preventing or attenuating HSD-related kidney diseases.
Journal Article
Research on comprehensive evaluation & development of aesthetic education based on PCA and CEM model
Aesthetic education, conveyed through public art courses, serves as a vital form of humanistic literacy education. It represents an effective approach to fostering innovative and creative thinking among college students. In order to effectively analyze the aesthetic education work of 46 universities, an aesthetic education index evaluation system is constructed, involving indicators including faculty strength, curriculum setting, teaching management, artistic practice, and teaching support. The secondary indicators corresponding to the five indicators are statistically analyzed, and a comprehensive evaluation analysis of the current development status of aesthetic education in 46 universities in Anhui Province is conducted by combining theoretical analysis with empirical analysis. Based on principal component analysis, an integrated evaluation model for the development of aesthetic education in universities in Anhui Province is further constructed. The model designed quantifies the influence weight of each aesthetic education index on the development of aesthetic education in Anhui Province, and forges a theoretical basis for determining the precursors of rapid development of aesthetic education in Anhui Province. Additionally, a novel approach is introduced to gauge the progression of aesthetic education within universities in Anhui Province, considering the dispersion of aesthetic education index data across the province. The comprehensive evaluation model for the development of aesthetic education in Anhui Province exhibits an overall declining trend. Hence, it is suggested to utilize the maximum value of the first derivative of the comprehensive evaluation model as an indicator of the imminent rapid development of aesthetic education in Anhui Province. On this basis, the probability equation of sustainable development of aesthetic education in Anhui Province is defined. Overall, the research results lay a theoretical foundation for the development of aesthetic education in Anhui Province.
Journal Article
Structural Characterization and Immunobiological Activity of Polysaccharides from Astragalus Oyster Mushroom
When added to mushroom growing substrates, edible and medicinal herbs affect the mushrooms’ nutritional and medicinal value. In this study, polysaccharides (P0OP-I and P15OP-I) were extracted and purified from oyster mushrooms grown on substrates supplemented with 0% and 15% Astragalus roots (P0 and P15), respectively, and their chemical structure and immunobiological activities were compared. P15OP-I and P0OP-I were extracted using ultrasound-assisted hot water and deproteinized with the Sevage method, depigmented with 30% H2O2, desalted with dialysis, and purified using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 dextran column chromatography. The molecular weight of P0OP-I and P15OP-I was 21,706.96 and 20,172.65 Da, respectively. Both were composed of monosaccharides D-mannose, galacturonic acid, D-glucose, D-galactose, and L-arabinose but in different molar ratios, and both were connected by a pyranoside linkage. P15OP-I consisted of higher contents of mannose, glucose, galactose and arabinose and lower content of galacturonic acid as compared to P0OP-I. Both P0OP-I and P15OP-I induced NO and TNF-α production but did not show cytotoxic effect or induce ROS generation in RAW264.7 cells. P15OP-I showed a stronger ability to promote NO and TNF-α production relative to P0OP-I. In vitro experiments showed that the immunomodulatory activity of P0OP-I and P15OP-I in RAW264.7 macrophages were mediated by the JNK/MAPK, Erk/MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The results would be helpful for elucidation of the health promoting mechanism of Astragalus oyster mushrooms as a source of neutraceuticals.
Journal Article
Homocouplings of Sodium Arenesulfinates: Selective Access to Symmetric Diaryl Sulfides and Diaryl Disulfides
Symmetrical diaryl sulfides and diaryl disulfides have been efficiently and selectively constructed via the homocoupling of sodium arenesulfinates. The selectivity of products relied on the different reaction systems: symmetrical diaryl sulfides were predominately obtained under the Pd(OAc)2 catalysis, whereas symmetrical diaryl sulfides were exclusively yielded in the presence of the reductive Fe/HCl system.
Journal Article
Electron beam melting in the fabrication of three-dimensional mesh titanium mandibular prosthesis scaffold
The study was designed to fulfill effective work-flow to fabricate three-dimensional mesh titanium scaffold for mandibular reconstruction. The 3D titanium mesh scaffold was designed based on a volunteer with whole mandible defect. (1) acquisition of the CT data; (2) design with computer aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA). The pore size and intervals with the best mechanic strength was also calculated using FEA. (3) fabrication of the scaffold using electron beam melting (EBM); (4) implantation surgery. The case recovered well, without loosening and rejection. Additionally, 12 mandibular defect model beagles were used to verify the results. The model was established via tooth extraction and mandibular resection surgeries, and the scaffold was designed individually based on CT data obtained at 2 weeks after extraction operation. Then scaffolds were fabricated using 3D EBM, and the implantation surgery was performed at 2 months after extraction operation. All the animals healed well after implantation, and the grafted mandibular recovered well with time. The relevant parameters of the grafted mandibular were nearly to the native mandibular at postoperative 12 months. It is feasible to fabricate mesh titanium scaffold for repairing mandibular defects individually using reverse engineering, CAD and EBM techniques.
Journal Article
Evolution of the WRKY Family in Angiosperms and Functional Diversity under Environmental Stress
The transcription factor is an essential factor for regulating the responses of plants to external stimuli. The WRKY protein is a superfamily of plant transcription factors involved in response to various stresses (e.g., cold, heat, salt, drought, ions, pathogens, and insects). During angiosperm evolution, the number and function of WRKY transcription factors constantly change. After suffering from long-term environmental battering, plants of different evolutionary statuses ultimately retained different numbers of WRKY family members. The WRKY family of proteins is generally divided into three large categories of angiosperms, owing to their conserved domain and three-dimensional structures. The WRKY transcription factors mediate plant adaptation to various environments via participating in various biological pathways, such as ROS (reactive oxygen species) and hormone signaling pathways, further regulating plant enzyme systems, stomatal closure, and leaf shrinkage physiological responses. This article analyzed the evolution of the WRKY family in angiosperms and its functions in responding to various external environments, especially the function and evolution in Magnoliaceae plants. It helps to gain a deeper understanding of the evolution and functional diversity of the WRKY family and provides theoretical and experimental references for studying the molecular mechanisms of environmental stress.
Journal Article
Integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the salt-induced agarwood formation mechanism of Aquilaria sinensis
Aquilaria sinensis
(Agarwood) is a precious Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice. Previous researches about agarwood mainly focused on chemical composition, pharmacological activities and artificial induction. The molecular processes responsible for agarwood formation remain largely unknown. This study performs an integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis of agarwood after treatment with fire (F) or fire plus different concentrations of salt (FSH, FSM, FSL) for 4 and 12 months. A total of 1611 differential metabolites and 9148 differentially expressed proteins were detected in 30 samples of agarwood. The fire plus 0.4 mol/L NaCl (FSM) treatment induced more differential metabolites compared to fire plus 0.04 mol/L NaCl (FSL) and fire plus 4 mol/L NaCl (FSH) at both 4 and 12 month. The primary differential categories included organic acids, sesquiterpenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and chromones. KEGG analysis indicated significant enrichment of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways across all comparison groups. Additionally, all six comparison groups revealed different levels of 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones (PECs), the distinctive constituents of agarwood. Nevertheless, the fire plus 0.04 mol/L NaCl (FSL) treatment produced the most differentially expressed proteins compared to fire plus 0.4 mol/L NaCl (FSM) and fire plus 4 mol/L NaCl (FSH). Sesquiterpene synthases were significantly upregulated in the F1(fire drill in the 4th month)_vs_FSH1(fire drill + 4 mol/L NaCl in the 4th month) and F1_vs_FSL1(fire drill + 0.04 mol/L NaCl in the 4th month) group, but downregulated in the F3(fire drill in the 12th month)_vs_FSH3(fire drill + 4 mol/L NaCl in the 12th month) group. Besides, the varying expression levels of these candidate proteins (HMGS, PMK and TPS) involved in the sesquiterpene biosynthesis pathway across the different stress treatments provide valuable insights into their roles in biological mechanism of agarwood formation. Proteomics and metabolomics analyses of agarwood provide essential insights into its formation mechanisms and support quality enhancement initiatives.
Journal Article