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Abstract Cichlid fishes exhibit rapid adaptive radiations with significant diversification rates in response to ecological variability, i.e., ecological opportunity or geographical isolation. The discovery of a Midas cichlid species in Lake Batur, Indonesia's largest volcanic lake, first reported in 2013, could represent such adaptations. Midas cichlids can now be found in a range of habitats in Lake Batur and dominate the lake's fish population by up to 60%. This study aimed to identify the interaction between habitat, water quality, and Midas cichlid in Lake Batur, facilitating morphometric variances in the fish populations. The fish were captured at five locations in Lake Batur using fishing rods, community nets with mesh sizes of 2–3 inches, experimental gillnets with mesh sizes of 1 inch, and fish scoops in floating net cages during August and November 2022. There were 46 fish samples caught from the five stations, all photographed using a digital camera and later measured using the ZEN 2012 software. The fish measurement employed a truss morphometric method using 21 distinct morphometric body features. Canonical analysis was used to determine the distribution of characteristics, while discriminant analysis was used to examine the closeness of association. The measured water quality parameters included pH, DO, temperature, conductivity, and TDS for in-situ and TSS, TP, TN, and chlorophyll A for ex-situ. The findings revealed morphometric changes among Midas cichlid species in Lake Batur caused by habitat and water quality differences. The distinction can be detected in the anterior and posterior bodies (C1, B1, C3, C6, C5, B3 and B4). Temperature and aquatic plants, Azolla pinnata, may detect the station and shape of fish in Lake Batur. Body shape cannot be identified by chlorophyll A, TN, DO, and TDS. Future genetic research could answer why fish groups with varied body types coexist in the same location. Resumo Os peixes ciclídeos exibem radiações adaptativas rápidas com taxas de diversificação significativas em resposta à variabilidade ecológica, ou seja, oportunidade ecológica ou isolamento geográfico. A descoberta de uma espécie de ciclídeo Midas em Lago Batur, o maior lago vulcânico da Indonésia, relatada pela primeira vez em 2013, poderia representar tais adaptações. Os ciclídeos Midas agora podem ser encontrados em uma variedade de hábitats no Lago Batur, onde dominam a população de peixes em até 60%. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a interação entre hábitat, qualidade da água e ciclídeo Midas no Lago Batur, facilitando variações morfométricas nas populações de peixe. Os peixes foram capturados em cinco locais no Lago Batur usando varas de pesca, redes comunitárias com malhas de 2-3 polegadas, redes de emalhar experimentais com malhas de 1 polegada e colheres de peixe em gaiolas de rede flutuantes, durante agosto e novembro de 2022. Foram capturadas 46 amostras de peixes nas cinco estações, todas fotografadas com câmera digital e posteriormente medidas no software ZEN 2012. A medição dos peixes empregou um método morfométrico de treliça usando 21 características morfométricas distintas do corpo. A análise canônica foi utilizada para determinar a distribuição das características, enquanto a análise discriminante foi empregada para examinar a proximidade da associação. Os parâmetros de qualidade da água medidos incluíram pH, OD, temperatura, condutividade e TDS para in situ, e TSS, TP, TN e clorofila A para ex situ. As descobertas revelaram mudanças morfométricas entre as espécies de ciclídeos Midas no Lago Batur, causadas por diferenças de hábitat e qualidade da água. A distinção pode ser detectada nos corpos anterior e posterior (C1, B1, C3, C6, C5, B3 e B4). A temperatura e as plantas aquáticas, Azolla pinnata, podem detectar a estação e o formato dos peixes no Lago Batur. A forma do corpo não pode ser identificada pela clorofila A, TN, OD e TDS. Futuras pesquisas genéticas poderiam responder por que grupos de peixes com tipos corporais variados coexistem no mesmo local.

Indo-Pasific King Mackerel or fisherman in Tarakan often call it the mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus, Bloch & Scheneider, 1801) was the main catch of gillnet fishermen in the waters of Tarakan, North Kalimantan. This research aims to obtain data and information about the estimated rate of growth, mortality rate and exploitation rate. Time series data was collected from the fishing place in Selumit, Tarakan from April to December 2018. Parameter estimation was done using the FISAT II (FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools) program. The results of the study showed fork length of mackerel between 23-61 cmFL, each month mode varying between 29 - 39 cmFL with an average mode of 35 cmFL, growth patterns were negative allometric, The average length at first capture (Lc) smaller than the length at first maturity (Lm) so if this condition continue it will interfere the sustainability of fish resources. The growth rate (K) amounted to 0.28 per year with an asimptotic length of 64.21 cm. The total mortality rate (Z) of 1.44 per year, with a natural mortality rate of 0.64 per year, the rate of fishing mortality (F) amounted to 0.80 per year. The exploitation rate (E) of 0.56 per year indicates that the degree of harvesting leads to a more capture condition.

Indo-Pacific king mackerel has been long fished by traditional and modern fishers. The fish is a catch target species with high economic value in local and export markets. The fishing efforts for the fish have been increasingly intensive. The management for which is still lacking. The concern is, continuous exploitation will make indo-pacific mackerel stock susceptible. The fish condition should be measured based on productivity and susceptibility parameters using productivity susceptibility analysis (PSA). The study aimed to analyze the sustainability of Indo-Pacific king mackerel and other species caught by gillnet and purse seine in IFMA 711 based on productivity and susceptibility scenarios. The study analyzed Indo-Pacific king mackerel and other species, i.e. whitefin wolf-herring, narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, longtail tuna, eastern little tuna, and bigeye scad. The results of the analysis suggest that Indo-Pacific king mackerel and whitefin wolf-herring were of moderate productivity and susceptibility, narrow-barred Spanish mackerel and longtail tuna were of high productivity and low susceptibility, and eastern little tuna and bigeye scad were of low productivity and high susceptibility, putting both at high risk from fishing activities. Also, the data quality of Indo-Pacific king mackerel was moderate, while the data quality of whitefin wolf-herring was the worst. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality and quantity of the data and scientific information on whitefin wolf-hearing in further studies.

Stingrays are a resource that is vulnerable to overfishing and habitat degradation. The research was conducted to obtain data and information that is still lacking and much needed for the utilization and protection of stingrays, including; life history, stomach contents, and nursery ground. The study was conducted in October - November 2018 by exploratory, including taking stingrays by trawling and measuring habitat conditions with Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth. The results showed a total stingrays are 744 individuals, weighing 2,986.6 kg and 24 species. Individual stingrays have a width disc range of 9-134 cm and a weight of 20-67000 g. The growth pattern of stingrays is generally allometric, except for Gymnura zonura . The average value of the relative condition factors is generally >1, except for Aetomylaeus maculatus and Brevitrygon walga . Stingrays have an unbalanced sex ratio, gonads consist of 43% adolescent and 57% mature, and the number of neonates is 1-6 /parent. The correlation between clasper length and disc width is generally positive, except for Hemitrygon longicauda . Of the stomach contents of all stingray species, 64 % is shrimp, Himantura leoparda which have various prey. The area east of Aru and west of Papua are the locations used as nursery grounds by most various stingrays. Nursery grounds of Stingray is generally shallow coastal areas with low oxygen, eutrophic and high turbidity. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for managing stingray resources in the Arafura Sea and further research is recommended to be carried out in four different seasons.

Octopus fishing activity have been established in Ampana Waters and surrounding areas since the 1990s. The goal of this research is to examine the octopus fishery in Ampana waters and its surroundings. The research methodology used in this study are CPUE and Length-based assessment which includes some analysis of catch per unit effort, fishing season, size structure, weigh distribution, length-weight relationship, fishing ground, fishing gear operation and specification, and the marketing flow. CPUE ranges from 7–15 kg/units/day, with an average of 11 kg/units/day; the fishing season runs from August to November; mantle length ranges from 8–22 cmML, and the length mode is 14 cmML; male octopus length ranges from 9–19 cmML, while the female ranges from 8–22 cmML; weight ranges from 300–2500 gr, with the male dominant at 800 gr and the female dominant at 1000 gr. Growth patterns for both males and females are negative allometric. Ampana fishermen fished around Tanjung Api, while Pagimana fishermen fished north of Bunta beach. Fishing equipment used included an octopus fishing rod, hook, and arrow, as well as aggregating devices such as gara-gara and a crustacean-like octopus fishing rod. The fishermen sold their catch to the first collector, who then delivered it to octopus middlemen in Ampana, Pagimana, and Luwuk before transporting it to Makassar.

Mangrove forests along the vast coast of West Papua serve as the habitat for mud crabs, which are high-value economic resources marketed to various regions in Indonesia. However, intensive utilization impacts the sustainability of mangrove crab populations, especially orange mud crabs ( Scylla olivacea ). Exploitation studies need to be conducted for further use to manage crab resources. This study was conducted for six months, from April to September 2021, with a sample of 2,971 orange mud crabs. Data analysis was carried out using crab carapace width (CW) data to predict resource exploitation and sustainability. The caught orange mud crab size was 80-190 mm, with natural mortality (M) lower than fishing mortality (F). The exploitation of this crab has attained E = 0.72, which proves that overfishing. We can do the management of orange mud crabs by observing the size of mature gonads and spawning areas to provide an opportunity to increase the population in the waters.

Blue Swimming Crab (BSC) has been exploited in various areas, including the North Natuna Sea, because of its high selling value and potential as an export commodity. Overexploitation can threaten its sustainability. Therefore, information is needed regarding population status and spawning potential, particularly in the North Natuna Sea. This research was performed over three years, from April to December 2018, February to November 2019, and March to December 2020. A total of 4960 individuals of BSC samples ranged in size from 60 to 160 mm, with 115 mm being the most dominant. BSC exploitation in this water has reached E = 0.6, indicating that it has been overfished. The SPR value obtained was 19 percent. Even though there is high fishing pressure, the spawning potential of crabs is relatively high. Appropriate management policies are needed to maintain their spawning potential, including limiting the catchable size to a minimum of 60 grams and a policy of closing spawning locations.

Research related to biological characteristics of Indo-Pacific King Mackerel in Indonesia is still rare, whereas fishing activity has been carried out. The study was conducted from 2014-2017 in Moro Waters, Riau Islands, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the biological characteristics including length frequency, length weight relationship, Gonado Maturity Stages, Gonado Somatic Index (GSI), sex ratio, length at first maturity, fecundity and ova diameter. From length frequency were obtained mode size at 37-39 cm for male, 52-54 cm for female and 43-45 cm for transition sex. The growth pattern of king mackerel was isometric. The gonad fish were dominated of mature gonads by 52%, and the immature gonads by 48%, with level V was almost found every month. GSI shows that spawning season in January-August and peak season occurs in April-May. The results of chi-square test showed that there were significant differences number of males and females fish. The length at first maturity was at 47,4 cm, in the range between 46.3 to 48.5 cm. The fecundity ranged on 28.082-1.506.075 eggs, on a length of 45-55 cm. Based on the development of the ova diameter and Gonad Maturity Stage, the King Mackerel spawning pattern is partial spawner.

Building resilient, secure and sustainable human settlements are the SDGs’ objectives, with school building play a key role to achieve the goals. In Indonesia, Madrasah schools are vital to fill one of the educational system, particularly in non-urban areas. But, many schools were built decades ago and now face structural and functional challenges. This study examines the condition of selected Madrasah school in Tangerang Regency Banten, which focus on their alignment not only with sustainable building principles but also their preparedness facing natural disasters. Through case studies, the study identifies human resource capacity as a critical barrier to achieve sustainability. The findings underscore the urgent need for capacity building to ensure resilient and sustainable school infrastructure in the future.

Offices have a strategic role in supporting social and economic activities of people in the world. More than a place to work, offices become spaces for interaction, creativity, and productivity for their workers. In recent times, issues related to the quality of the work environment have become a major concern in architectural design, especially in terms of creating comfort for workers. Comfort for workers itself is divided into 3 factors, namely: visual, thermal and audial. Visual comfort includes various aspects, such as adequate natural lighting, harmonious use of materials and colors, a calming open space appearance, and a room layout that supports work orientation and focus. Comfort can increase job satisfaction, and can affect individual and team performance. The benefits of this approach not only have an impact on work efficiency, but also create a healthier, more inclusive and sustainable work environment. By considering visual comfort as a primary design parameter, office buildings can develop into an important part of the urban ecosystem that supports the holistic well-being of society.