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Molecular interaction networks are a vital tool for studying biological systems. While many tools exist that visualize a protein or a pathway within a network, no tool provides the ability for a researcher to consider a protein’s position in a network in the context of a specific biological process or pathway. We developed ProteinWeaver, a web-based tool designed to visualize and analyze non-human protein interaction networks by integrating known biological functions. ProteinWeaver provides users with an intuitive interface to situate a user-specified protein in a user-provided biological context (as a Gene Ontology term) in seven model organisms. ProteinWeaver also reports the presence of physical and regulatory network motifs within the queried subnetwork and statistics about the protein’s distance to the biological process or pathway within the network. These insights can help researchers generate testable hypotheses about the protein’s potential role in the process or pathway under study. Two cell biology case studies demonstrate ProteinWeaver’s potential to generate hypotheses from the queried subnetworks. ProteinWeaver is available at https://proteinweaver.reedcompbio.org/ .

Molecular interaction networks are a vital tool for studying biological systems. While many tools exist that visualize a protein or a pathway within a network, no tool provides the ability for a researcher to consider a protein’s position in a network in the context of a specific biological process or pathway. We developed ProteinWeaver, a web-based tool designed to visualize and analyze non-human protein interaction networks by integrating known biological functions. ProteinWeaver provides users with an intuitive interface to situate a user-specified protein in a user-provided biological context (as a Gene Ontology term) in five model organisms. Protein-Weaver also reports the presence of physical and regulatory network motifs within the queried subnetwork and statistics about the protein’s distance to the biological process or pathway within the network. These insights can help researchers generate testable hypotheses about the protein’s potential role in the process or pathway under study. Two cell biology case studies demonstrate ProteinWeaver’s potential to generate hypotheses from the queried subnetworks. ProteinWeaver is available at https://proteinweaver.reedcompbio.org/.

BACKGROUND In many countries, ART service provision is a commercial enterprise. This has benefits, for example, creating efficiencies and economies of scale, but there are also concerns that financial imperatives can negatively impact patient care. The commercialization of ART is often conceptualized as being driven solely by the financial interests of companies and clinicians, but there are in fact many complex and intersecting socio-political demands for ART that have led to, sustain and shape the industry. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE To use the academic and policy discourse on the commercialization of ART to build a theoretical model of factors that influence demand for ART services in high-income countries in order to inform potential policy responses. SEARCH METHODS We searched electronic databases for journal articles (including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed) and websites for grey literature, carried out reference chaining and searched key journals (including Human Reproduction, Fertility and Sterility). The terms used to guide these searches were ‘assisted reproductive technology’ OR ‘in vitro fertilization’ AND ‘commerce’ OR ‘commercialisation’ OR ‘industry’ OR ‘market’. The search was limited to the English language and included articles published between 2010 and 2020. We used an established method of critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) to build a theoretical model of factors that influence demand for ART services in high-income countries. We developed initial themes from a broad review of the literature followed by iterative theoretical sampling of academic and grey literatures to further refine these themes. OUTCOMES According to contemporary academic and broader socio-political discourse, the demand for ART has arisen, expanded and evolved in response to a number of intersecting forces. Economic imperatives to create sustainable national workforces, changing gender roles and concerns about the preservation of genetic, national/ethnic and role-related identities have all created demand for ART in both public and private sectors. The prominence given to reproductive autonomy and patient-centred care has created opportunities to (re)define what constitutes appropriate care and, therefore, what services should be offered. All of this is happening in the context of technological developments that provide an increasing range of reproductive choices and entrench the framing of infertility as a disease requiring medical intervention. These socio-political drivers of demand for ART can be broadly organized into four theoretical categories, namely security, identity, individualization and technocratization. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The primary limitation is that the interpretive process is ultimately subjective, and so alternative interpretations of the data are possible. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Development of policy related to commercial activity in ART needs to account for the broad range of factors influencing demand for ART, to which commercial ART clinics are responding and within which they are embedded. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Ideas Grant (APP1181401). All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest in relation to this work.

In an interview with the Daily Telegraph in June, the lawmaker with responsibility for the Royal Mail, Ed Davey, said the future of the service is in doubt because of a \"lethal combination\" of a sharp decline in revenue due to changing communication patterns, and a gaping hole in its pension scheme.

Mr. [David Cameron] also announced that a Royal Air Force C-130 Hercules had departed from Tripoli for Malta with 65 aboard, including 52 British passengers. The U.K. government called a special meeting of its emergency Cobra security cabinet. Defense Secretary Liam Fox said the prospect of sending in special forces to extricate U.K. nationals isn't being ruled out. \"We will be doing everything we can,\" Mr. Fox told Sky News. \"We will move military assets to assist what is happening in that civilian effort as much as we can.\" Russians evacuated from Libya on emergency flights told local media of days of uncertainty and the sounds of gunfire.â ¬\"There was real shooting, especially after 5 p.m. In some parts of town, there was bombing. Where I lived, next to the military airfield, was really scary,\" Anna Kazaryan, a Russian resident of Tripoli, told a Moscow radio station after her return. \"We put down all our shades, turned off our lights. For three or four days, the majority of our people didn't sleep.\"

European governments deployed warships and military aircraft Thursday to, evacuate their citizens trapped in civil-war-tom Libya and began to turn their focus to fears of mass migration of Libyan refugees, as China's Foreign Ministry vowed to protect...

Business Secretary Vince Cable, who has been critical of the immigration cap, said \"there's no change\" in policy and that the government had always said it would create a flexible system. \"There's a common view that we have to have a cap on non-European Union immigration,\" he told the BBC. Mr. [David Cameron] also said Monday that the government will invest GBP 60 million to meet the needs of offshore wind infrastructure at U.K. ports. Following the announcement, General Electric Co. reaffirmed its plan to invest GBP 100 million in the U.K.'s offshore wind sector. The move could create up to 1,900 jobs in the U.K. by 2020, the company said. \"Of course, it's still early days. But after five months in office and some of the most difficult decisions any modern government has had to make, those doubts have been laid to rest, because coalition is the right form of government for these times, and our two parties can be proud of the way we've made it work,\" Mr. [Danny Alexander] was due to say, according to extracts of his remarks provided by the Treasury.

BIRMINGHAM, England-- U.K. Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne on Monday said he was eliminating child benefits for more than a million British households, in a politically risky move aimed at driving down the country's welfare bill.