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Making it faster II: the Indianapolis and Grand Prix cars
Making it FASTER II, The Indianapolis and Grand Prix Cars is the sequel to the #1 best-selling book, \"Making it FASTER, Tales from the Endless Search for Speed.\" These are the stories of discovery by three generations of racers and designers who changed the state of the art forever. Tales of clever tricks and rule book manipulation in the ever-escalating contest between rule makers and loophole seekers, told by those directly involved in Indianapolis and Grand Prix racing. Their innovations dazzled us all.
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Chagas Disease, an Endemic Disease in the United States
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasites, is considered endemic to 21 countries in the Americas, excluding the United States. However, increasing evidence of T. cruzi parasites in the United States in triatomine insects, domestic animals, wildlife, and humans challenges that nonendemic label. Several triatomine species are common in the southern United States, where they transmit T. cruzi and invade human dwellings. Wildlife, captive animals, and companion animals, especially dogs, are commonly infected with T. cruzi parasites in this region and serve as reservoirs. Autochthonous human cases have been reported in 8 states, most notably in Texas. Labeling the United States as non-Chagas disease-endemic perpetuates low awareness and underreporting. Classification of Chagas disease as endemic, in particular as hypoendemic, to the United States could improve surveillance, research, and public health responses. Acknowledging the endemicity of Chagas disease in the United States is crucial for achieving global health goals.
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The Formation of the First Star in the Universe
We describe results from a fully self-consistent three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulation of the formation of one of the first stars in the Universe. In current models of structure formation, dark matter initially dominates, and pregalactic objects form because of gravitational instability from small initial density perturbations. As they assemble via hierarchical merging, primordial gas cools through ro-vibrational lines of hydrogen molecules and sinks to the center of the dark matter potential well. The high-redshift analog of a molecular cloud is formed. As the dense, central parts of the cold gas cloud become self-gravitating, a dense core of$\\sim\\!100\\>M_\\odot$(where$M_\\odot$is the mass of the Sun) undergoes rapid contraction. At particle number densities greater than 109per cubic centimeter, a$1\\>M_\\odot$protostellar core becomes fully molecular as a result of three-body H2formation. Contrary to analytical expectations, this process does not lead to renewed fragmentation and only one star is formed. The calculation is stopped when optical depth effects become important, leaving the final mass of the fully formed star somewhat uncertain. At this stage the protostar is accreting material very rapidly$(\\sim\\!10^{-2}\\>M_\\odot\\>year^{-1})$. Radiative feedback from the star will not only halt its growth but also inhibit the formation of other stars in the same pregalactic object (at least until the first star ends its life, presumably as a supernova). We conclude that at most one massive$(M \\gg 1\\>M_\\odot)$metal-free star forms per pregalactic halo, consistent with recent abundance measurements of metal-poor galactic halo stars.
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Cyberpsychology : an introduction to human-computer interaction
\"This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the human-computer interface in clear, non-technical language, making it an ideal introduction for students of both psychology and computer science. Covering the past, present, and future developments in technology and psychology, it combines cutting-edge academic research with engaging illustrations and examples that show students how the material relates to their lives. Topics addressed include: human factors of input devices, and the basics of sensation and perception; memory and cognitive issues of users navigating their way through interfaces; communication via programming languages and natural speech interaction; cyberpathologies such as techno-stress and Internet addiction disorders; and challenges surrounding automation and artificial intelligence. This thoroughly updated second edition features new chapters on virtual reality and cybersecurity; expanded coverage of social media, mobile computing, e-learning, and video games; and end-of-chapter review questions that ensure students have mastered key objectives\"-- Provided by publisher.
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PR3-ANCA: A Promising Biomarker in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
The only recognized biomarker for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is atypical anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (aANCA), which, in addition to having low sensitivity and specificity, is an indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test lacking the advantages of high throughput and objectivity. Recent reports have shown that antibodies to proteinase-3 (PR3-ANCA) might add diagnostic value in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specifically in ulcerative colitis (UC). As PSC is associated with IBD, the objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and clinical significance of PR3-ANCA in a large cohort of patients.
A total of 244 PSC and 254 control [autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), hepatitis C viral infection (HCV), hepatitis B viral infection (HBV), and healthy controls] sera and their clinical correlations were retrospectively analyzed for PR3-ANCA determined by ELISA and a new chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA). Testing was also performed for aANCA by IIF.
When measured by CIA, PR3-ANCA was detected in 38.5% (94/244) of PSC patients compared to 10.6% (27/254) controls (p<0.0001). By ELISA, PR3-ANCA was detected in 23.4% (57/244) of PSC patients compared to 2.7% (6/254) controls (p<0.0001). PR3-ANCA in PSC patients was not associated with the presence or type of underlying IBD, and, in fact, it was more frequent in Crohn's disease (CD) patients with PSC than previously reported in CD alone. PR3-ANCA in PSC measured by CIA correlated with higher liver enzymes.
PR3-ANCA is detected in a significant proportion of PSC patients compared to other liver diseases including PBC and AIH. PR3-ANCA is associated with higher liver enzyme levels in PSC, and is not solely related to underlying IBD.
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Dowding's Eagles : Accounts of Twenty-Five Battle of Britain Veterans
The Battle of Britain fought by The Few, as Churchill famously called them, will remain a legendary feat of arms for centuries to come. Sadly there remain only a handful today who can tell their stories so this collection of personal accounts is extremely timely. The Author has over the years gathered the stories of twenty-five survivors and in Dowding's Aces he brings these stirring stories together. Each account describes the actions and impressions of the individuals who fought lonely battles against a numerically superior enemy. The odds were stacked against The Few. Over 500 pilots were killed in action during the summer of 1940 and this book is as much about those who gave their lives for their country as those who risked everything but managed to survive. Together with photographs of the men and their aircraft, this is an inspiring book.
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White‐sand Ecosystems in Amazonia
Vegetation on sandy soils, ranging from open grasslands and shrublands to closed‐canopy, thin‐trunked forests, can be found in patches throughout the Amazon. Despite variation in names, appearance, ecological correlates, and suggested origins, these ‘white‐sand ecosystems’ (WSE) share distinctive characteristics and biological communities. Here, in the first Amazon‐wide review of WSE, we review the variation in WSE and the factors underlying this variation. We present the most comprehensive Amazon‐wide map to date of WSE and calculate their total area. We find that WSE are still not completely mapped, and we use biological correlates as a proxy to indicate where white‐sand vegetation patches likely occur. Through our synthesis of the literature, we find that key factors, such as geologic origin, soil characteristics, hydrology, and fire regimes, vary widely and have differing impacts in different regions on vegetation structure and on floral, faunal, and fungal species composition. Although studies of WSE have increased dramatically in recent years, WSE in many parts of the Amazon remain understudied, and there is little synthesis of the interaction of factors across different areas. In response, we suggest priorities for future research. Finally, we find that WSE are inadequately protected and, where accessible, are regularly mined for sand, logged, or burned and cleared for agriculture. We argue that due to their island‐like distribution patterns and resultant complex metapopulation dynamics, their extremely slow recovery after disturbance, and their important contributions to basin‐wide diversity patterns and ecosystem services, WSE should be given special consideration in conservation efforts to ensure their persistence in Amazonia.
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الملف النووي لصدام حسين : البرنامج السري وسيف الاجتياح
يختبر هذا الكتاب الأسباب التي دفعت صدام للسعي من أجل الحصول على أسلحة نووية، وكجانب أساس من هذا السؤال : كيف يمكن الصدام توظيف هذه القدرة في حال اكتسابها ؟ ! سواء أكان للردع أو لخوض القتال أو لشيء آخر، فهو صفه صانع القرار الرئيس والأوحد في العراق، كان نمط تفكير صدام محوريا وحاس وفي هذا السياق، يمثل تصور الديكتاتور للتهديدات الإقليمية المحيطة به-لاسيما من جانب إيران وإسرائيل-يمثل دافعه الأساس، فضلا عن ذلك، نظر صدام إلى حيازة الأسلحة النووية كوسيلة فعالة للمساعدة في منح غطاء الشرعية لنظامه، وتلميع صورته في الوطن، وضمن العالم العربي، كزعيم للتحديث وحام للمصالح الوطنية والقومية.
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