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"Nowak, Andrzej"
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Structural measures of similarity and complementarity in complex networks
The principle of similarity, or homophily, is often used to explain patterns observed in complex networks such as transitivity and the abundance of triangles (3-cycles). However, many phenomena from division of labor to protein-protein interactions (PPI) are driven by complementarity (differences and synergy). Here we show that the principle of complementarity is linked to the abundance of quadrangles (4-cycles) and dense bipartite-like subgraphs. We link both principles to their characteristic motifs and introduce two families of coefficients of: (1) structural similarity, which generalize local clustering and closure coefficients and capture the full spectrum of similarity-driven structures; (2) structural complementarity, defined analogously but based on quadrangles instead of triangles. Using multiple social and biological networks, we demonstrate that the coefficients capture structural properties related to meaningful domain-specific phenomena. We show that they allow distinguishing between different kinds of social relations as well as measuring an increasing structural diversity of PPI networks across the tree of life. Our results indicate that some types of relations are better explained by complementarity than homophily, and may be useful for improving existing link prediction methods. We also introduce a Python package implementing efficient algorithms for calculating the proposed coefficients.
Journal Article
Bridge traffic loading : from research to practice
\"New and reliable truck weight data allows accurate calculations of vertical loading of traffic on bridges, both, whereas codes are often crude and inconsistent for different load effects. This book provides the state-of-the-art and best-practice for short-span, single and multi-lane bridge loading, dynamic allowance and long-span bridges\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The role of the working memory storage component in a random-like series generation
People are not equipped with an internal random series generator. When asked to produce a random series they simply try to reproduce an output of known random process. However, this endeavor is very often limited by their working memory capacity. Here, we investigate the model of random-like series generation that accounts for the involvement of storage and processing components of working memory. In two studies, we used a modern, robust measure of randomness to assess human-generated series. In Study 1, in the experimental design with the visibility of the last generated elements as a between-subjects variable, we tested whether decreasing cognitive load on working memory would mitigate the decay in the level of randomness of the generated series. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between randomness judgment and algorithmic complexity of human-generated series. Results showed that when people did not have to solely rely on their working memory storage component to maintain active past choices they were able to prolongate their high-quality performance. Moreover, people who were able to better distinguish more complex patterns at the same time generated more random series. In Study 2, in the correlational design, we examined the relationship between working memory capacity and the ability to produce random-like series. Results revealed that individuals with longer working memory capacity also were to produce more complex series. These findings highlight the importance of working memory in generating random-like series and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of this cognitive process.
Journal Article
Synthesis and characterization of MoS2-carbon based materials for enhanced energy storage applications
The article delves into the synthesis and characterization of MoS
2
-carbon-based materials, holding promise for applications in supercapacitors and ion batteries. The synthesis process entails the preparation of MoS
2
and its carbon hybrids through exfoliation, hydrothermal treatment, and subsequent pyrolysis. Various analytical techniques were employed to comprehensively examine the structural, compositional, and morphological properties of the resulting materials. The article explores the electrochemical performance of these electrode materials in supercapacitors and ion batteries (LiB, SiB, KiB). Electrochemical measurements were conducted in aqueous electrolyte for supercapacitors and various aprotic electrolytes for ion batteries. Results highlight the impact of the synthesis process on electrochemical performance, emphasizing factors such as capacitance, rate capability, and charge/discharge cycle performance. Hydrothermally treated MoS
2
-carbon exhibited a specific capacitance of approximately 150 F g
-1
in supercapacitors, attributed to its high surface area and efficient charge storage mechanisms. Additionally, for Li-ion battery materials without hydrothermal treatment showed impressive capacity retention of around 88% after 500 charge-discharge cycles, starting with an initial specific capacity of about 920 mAh/g. Long-term stability was demonstrated in both supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries, with minimal capacitance degradation even after extensive charge-discharge cycles. This research underscores the potential of MoS
2
-based materials as effective energy storage solutions.
Journal Article
Determination of Sodium Ion Diffusion Coefficient in Tin Sulfide@Carbon Anode Material Using GITT and EIS Techniques
The electroanalytical behavior of SnSx (x = 1, 2) encapsulated into a carbon phase was studied using the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These techniques are widely utilized in battery systems to investigate the diffusion of alkali metal cations in anode and cathode materials depending on the concentration of ions in the host material. Here, we report different calculation methods showing how the applied model affects the derived diffusion coefficient. The calculated value of the apparent chemical diffusion coefficient of sodium ions (DNa+) is in the range of 1 × 10−10 to 1 × 10−15 cm2/s depending on the technique, mathematical protocol, geometry of the electrode material, and applied potential.
Journal Article
On Approximate and Weak Correlated Equilibria in Constrained Discounted Stochastic Games
In this paper, we consider constrained discounted stochastic games with a countably generated state space and norm continuous transition probability having a density function. We prove existence of approximate stationary equilibria and stationary weak correlated equilibria. Our results imply the existence of stationary Nash equilibrium in ARAT stochastic games.
Journal Article
Fatigue Damage of Aluminum Alloy Overhead Line Conductors Initiated by Fretting
Fatigue failure of overhead line conductors made of AlMgSi alloys is much more complex than fatigue failure of a single wire. The main difference lies in the fretting phenomenon, which is a significant mechanism initiating fatigue damage. It is generated because of micro-movements between individual wires or outer wires and overhead line fittings. Such movements are mainly caused by aeolian vibrations, which lead to degradation of wire surface, initiation of microcracks, and premature failure of multiple wires. Research based on laboratory experiments and modeling studies simulating real operating conditions made it possible not only to identify the mechanisms leading to failure but also to assess the impact of working conditions on their evolution. According to the obtained results, properly selected heat treatment parameters influence both the mass decrease of the wires and number of cycles to failure due to fretting fatigue. Further development of materials, protective coatings, and methods of durability prediction will reduce the impact of fretting on fatigue failure and thus increase the reliability of power lines.
Journal Article
Controlling crystallites orientation and facet exposure for enhanced electrochemical properties of polycrystalline MoO3 films
This study focuses on the development and optimization of MoO
3
films on commercially available FTO substrates using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. By carefully selecting deposition conditions and implementing post-treatment procedures, precise control over crystallite orientation relative to the substrate is achieved. Deposition at 450 °C in O
2
atmosphere results in random crystallite arrangement, while introducing argon instead of oxygen to the PLD chamber during the initial stage of sputtering exposes the (102) and (011) facets. On the other hand, room temperature deposition leads to the formation of amorphous film, but after appropriate post-annealing treatment, the (00k) facets were exposed. The deposited films are studied using SEM and XRD techniques. Moreover, electrochemical properties of FTO/MoO
3
electrodes immersed in 1 M AlCl
3
aqueous solution are evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that different electrochemical processes are promoted based on the orientation of crystallites. When the (102) and (011) facets are exposed, the Al
3+
ions intercalation induced by polarization is facilitated, while the (00k) planes exposure leads to the diminished hydrogen evolution reaction overpotential.
Journal Article
Subjective consistency increases trust
Trust is foundational for social relations. Current psychological models focus on specific evaluative and descriptive content underlying initial impressions of trustworthiness. Two experiments investigated whether trust also depends on subjective consistency—a sense of fit between elements. Experiment 1 examined how consistency of simple verbal characterizations influences trust judgments. Experiment 2 examined how incidental visual consistency impacts trust judgments and economic decisions reflecting trust. Both experiments show that subjective consistency positively and uniquely predicts trust judgments and economic behavior. Critically, subjective consistency is a unique predictor of trust that is irreducible to the content of individual elements, either on the dimension of trust or the dimension of valence. These results show that trust impressions are not a simple sum of the contributing parts, but reflect a “gestalt”. The results fit current frameworks emphasizing the role of predictive coding and coherence in social cognition.
Journal Article