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"Nudler, Oscar"
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The furniture of the world : essays in ontology and metaphysics
\"Seventeen essays make up the body of this anthology. Most of the authors are Latin Americans (although some of them work in other regions), and thus we might say that this volume is, in a very approximate sense, a showcase of recent Latin-American ontology and metaphysics. The remaining authors-Pierre Aubenque, Barry Smith, Lorenzo Peنna and James Hamilton-are distinguished teachers who have had important contacts with the Latin-American philosophical community, The articles in this anthology address some of the central questions in ontology and metaphysics: the possibility of a science of being (Aubenque), the different possible approaches to ontology (Hurtado), the recent application of ontology to informatics (Smith), guise theory and its Leibnizian antecedents (Herrera), the reduction of space and time to phenomenological properties (Rodrâiguez Larreta), the Newtonian ontology of space and time (Benâitez and Robles), the relation between truth and the so-called \"truth-makers\" (Rodrâiguez Pereyra), the ontological position of the Pyrrhonic skeptic (Junqueira Smith), the limits and difficulties of metaphysical realism (Cabanchik, Pereda), the defense of physicalist or emergentist positions regarding the mental (Pâerez), the metaphysical nature of persons (Naishtat), the ontology of cultural entities (Peنna), political ontology (Nudler), the relation between ontology and literature (Hamilton), the ontology of art (Tomasini). Some of the works (e.g., those Aubenque and Robles) approach the question from a historical perspective: others examine the most recent philosophical literature on the problems focalized (e.g., those by Pâerez and Rodrâiguez Pereyra), and others offer new approaches (e.g., those of Rodrâiguez Larreta, Peنna or Nudler) to a specific problematic area.\"--Publisher's website.
Book
Is There Progress in Philosophy
After referring to Bertrand Russell's view of philosophy as stated in his book The Problems of Philosophy, according to which the value of philosophy lies not in the achievement of any truth or certainty but in its capacity to \"enlarge our thoughts\", I address the issue of the nature of philosophical controversies. Based on a development and application of Russell's view, I criticize the prevailing assumption that the existence of protracted, unsettled controversies shows that there is no progress in philosophy. My criticism points to the static, undifferentiated view of philosophical controversies associated to that assumption. In order to argue for the need of a more sophisticated view, I distinguish between progressive and degenerated controversies as well as between normal and extraordinary ones. Then I propose a model of the changing phases that philosophical controversies often go through. Finally, I take as an example of application of such model the history of the main controversies that took place along twenty century philosophy of science. My conclusion is that in this case, and in some other important cases too, it may be rightly claimed that there have been progress in philosophy in the Russellian sense of an enlarged understanding of the objects under philosophical reflection.
Journal Article
Controversy spaces : a model of scientific and philosophical change
The notion of controversy space is the key element of the new model of scientific and philosophical change introduced in this book. Devised as an alternative to classical models, the model of Controversy Spaces is a heuristic tool for the reconstruction of processes of conceptual change in the history of science and philosophy. The first chapter of this volume outlines in its initial section the historical trajectory of the dialectical, adversarial approach to the progress of knowledge, from its ancient flourishing and its almost complete oblivion in modernity up to its contemporary revival. Then the main features that characterize the structure and dynamics of controversy spaces are identified and examined. In the rest of the book the reader will find a detailed, fascinating series of case studies that apply the CS model in a variety of scientific areas, ranging from physics to linguistics, as well as the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of historiography.
eBook
Controversy spaces. The dialectical nature of change in the sciences and philosophy - Los espacios controversiales. La naturaleza dialéctica del cambio en las ciencias y la filosofía
The paper outlines the model of controversy spaces. The model of controversy spaces integrates two different elements of the dialectical tradition. On the one hand, dialectics in its ancient meaning: the practice of controversial dialogue. On the other hand, the model incorporates dialectics understood as a pattern of change in intellectual history, based on the confrontation between opposite standpoints. I will be argued in this paper, the dialectical tradition was almost completely left aside in modernity and substituted by a monolectic approach. The model that will be outlined below aims at overcoming this view by focusing on the emergence, development and transformation of controversy spaces.
Paper
De los espacios controversiales a los conflictos entre mundos
En un fragmento atribuido al filósofo estoico Hierocles, éste argumenta en favor del cosmopolitismo utilizando una metáfora que representa a los individuos como situados en el centro de círculos concéntricos. El primer círculo es la mente individual, luego sigue la familia, la comunidad local, la comunidad de ciudades vecinas, la nación y finalmente la humanidad. La tarea de un cosmopolita es, según Hierocles, llevar los círculos más externos hacia el centro de modo que la humanidad forme parte de nuestra mente y de nuestra preocupación.
Como puede verse, la metáfora de los círculos concéntricos es aplicada aquí a las relaciones
Book Chapter
