Explore the vast range of titles available.

Microhabitat use of amphibians have been widely neglected among studies on herpetofauna. The microhabitat structure is important when it served as reproduction site. Here we survey the microhabitat characteristics of Leptophryne borbonica and the mating calls. We observed 15 individuals perching on the rock in the middle of the stream and two others have been observed far from stream and other water bodies. The calling males perch on the moist and dry rocks. Interestingly, this species always calls on the rock which is located right in front of the water that fall from two intersecting rocks, creating the small-like waterfall with very noisy backsound. It might suggest the behavior of hiding from predators detection through the sound of environment.

Ants are a social insect with high diversity and distributed widely to the world in many types of habitats including mangrove ecosystem. They also plays important role in mangrove ecosystem, but the study of ant in this habitat of West Sumatra still scanty. The purpose of this study was to understand the ant diversity in mangrove ecosystem of Pariaman, West Sumatra. The collection method used in this research is baited trap, beating and hand collection. A total of 11 species, 10 genera of ants belonging to 3 subfamilies were found in this study. Formicinae is the subfamily with highest number of species (5 spp.) and follows by Myrmicinae (4 spp.) and Dolichoderinae (2 spp.). The following invasive and tramp species were found in the present study, Anoplolepis gracilipes , Tapinoma melanochepalum , Tetramorium simillimum , and Tetramorium bicarinatum . The ant species diversity index in this study is moderate (H '= 1,2), while the evenness index classified as moderate (E = 0,5), and no species of ants dominate of this area were found (D = 0,5)

In 2015, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) revealed that there are 280 million tons of plastic produced globally each year This research was conducted to convert plastic waste to be useful products. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is converted into gas and coke using thermal cracking method and a stainless steel batch type reactor. Looking for the effect of temperature variations on the thermal cracking of PET plastic waste and studying the kinetic phenomena are the purpose of this research. A total of 40.17 grams of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic waste was cracked in a batch reactor at 450, 500 and 550 °C for 15, 30 and 45 minutes. The highest percent yield of gas (89.92%) was resulted at 30 minutes of reaction time and 550 °C of the reaction temperature. The highest percent yield of coke (26.01%) was resulted at 45 minutes of reaction time and 500 °C of the reaction temperature. The activation energy for the highest percent yield of coke, 26.01% is -9,257701 kJ/mol, otherwise the process needs to be revised to get the positive activation energy.

Scientific process skills (SPS) are an intellectual skill to build knowledge, solve problems scientifically, train thinking skills as well as a very important part of the inquiry process and contribute to scientific literacy. Therefore, SPS is very important to be developed. This study aims to develop Student Worksheets (SW) that can trace SPS through basic physics experiments (BPE) on Melde's law. This research uses R&D method involving 18 physics education department students who take the BPE course as a sample. The research instrument uses an SW designed with a SPS approach that have been reviewed and judged by expert, which includes observing, communicating, classifying, measuring, inferring, predicting, identifying variable, constructing hypothesis, defining variable operationally, designing experiment, acquiring and processing data to conclusions. The result of the research shows that the student's SPS has not been trained optimally, the students' answers are not derived from the observations and experiments conducted but derived from the initial knowledge of the students, as well as in the determination of experimental variables, inferring and hypothesis. This result is also supported by a low increase of conceptual content on Melde's law with n-gain of 0.40. The research findings are used as the basis for the redesign of SW.

Malaria is one of the life-threatening diseases in the world. The spread of resistance to antimalarial drugs is a major challenge, and resistance to artemisinin has been reported in the Southeast Asian region. In the previous study, the active compound of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus (S. hygroscopicus), eponemycin, has been shown to have antimalarial effects. To further analyze the effects of other active compounds on the Plasmodium parasite, identifying and analyzing the effectiveness of compounds contained in S. hygroscopicus through instrumentation of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and in silico studies were very useful. This study aimed at identifying other derivative compounds from S. hygroscopicus and screening the antimalarial activity of the compound by assessing the binding affinity, pharmacokinetic profile, and bond interaction. The derivative compounds were identified using LC/MS. Protein targets for derivative compounds were found through literature studies, and the results of identification of compounds and protein targets were reconstructed into three-dimensional models. Prediction of pharmacokinetic profiles was carried out using Swiss ADME. Screening of protein targets for the derivative compound was carried out using the reverse molecular docking method. Analyzing bond interaction was done by LigPlot. One compound from S. hygroscopicus, i.e., 6,7-dinitro-2-[1, 2, 4]triazole-4-yl-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione, was successfully identified using LC/MS. This compound was an isoquinoline derivative compound. Through literature studies with inclusion criteria, thirteen protein targets were obtained for reverse molecular docking. This isoquinoline derivative had the potential to bind to each protein target. The pharmacokinetic profile showed that this compound had the drug-likeness criteria. Conclusion. 6,7-Dinitro-2-[1, 2, 4]triazole-4-yl-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione has antimalarial activity as shown by reverse molecular docking studies and pharmacokinetic profiles. The best inhibitory ability of compounds based on bond affinity is with adenylosuccinate synthetase.

Physics concepts are unique because some of them are the abstract concepts so they need to be visualized so as easier to be understood. However, it is rarely the learning media that can combine the real and virtual visualization of abstract physics concepts in the same time. This present study aims to create the application that is used as the physics learning media to aid the virtual visualization of the abstract concept of physics combined with real visualization using augmented reality. The abstract concepts of physics that are visualized are electricity concepts. The waterfall method is the method utilized to test the application on the android system. There are four standards to analyze data, namely functional suitability, performance efficiency, portability, and usability. The findings reveal that two standards (i.e., performance efficiency, and portability) lead the application is valid and good to be used while the usability standard achieves high value based students' questionnaire that means the application is valid. The implication of this present study indeed can be widened to implement the application on the physics learning in the classroom.

Styrofoam wastes are composed of many polymerized styrene monomers that are generally considered to be recalcitrant and are resistant to biodegradation. In this study, the ability of ligninolytic fungi and bacteria were investigated on degradation of styrofoam wastes. All the fungi and bacteria used were able to grow on agar media containing styrofoam. Fungi Cymatoderma dendriticum WM01, Ceriporia sp. BIOM3, and Pestalotiopsis sp. NG007 degraded 15.7%, 19.4%, and 74.4% styrofoam within 30 d, respectively. Cerratia marcescens BLSP4, Bacillus subtilis BLSP4, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa BLSP4 degraded 38.3%, 52.6%, and 63.4% styrofoam, respectively. SEM analysis demonstrated the appearance of micro pore in styrofoams treated with Pestalotiopsis sp. NG007 and P. aeruginosa indicating biodegradation. In addition, analysis using UATR FTIR corroborated removal of some functional groups from the degraded styrofoam were eliminated. This study showed strains of ligninolytic fungi and selected bacteria have the potential to be used in bioremediation of styrofoam wastes.

Bali, Lombok, and Nusa Tenggara are the region in the south of the Indonesia Archipelago. This region has relatively high seismicity due to subduction activity and faulting. The first step of the tomography study for inferring the geometry structure beneath Bali, Lombok, and Nusa Tenggara is to conduct precise hypocenter location. In this study, we used waveform data from the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG), which the study area is between 112 0 – 128 0 E and 4 0 – 13 0 S. Our preliminary results, we have re-picked 7,967 P-wave and 3,254 S-wave arrival times for 933 events in the period from January to March 2019. The non-linear method was conducted using the oct-tree sampling algorithm from the NLLoc program to determine the hypocenter’s location. We also compared the results with BMKG catalog data. Our results show better clustering earthquakes with RMS error mostly close to zero and represent the geological structure in this region. The results show a shift in the location of the epicenters between 0.1 km to 1000 km, while for the focus depth between 0.006 - 500 km, with the azimuth shift being dominated to the northeast and southwest. The future and ongoing works, we will conduct a tomography study to imaging 3-D seismic velocity models beneath Bali, Lombok, and Nusa Tenggara regions using the fast-marching method.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is linked to obesity. Subjects with MetS who have normo-weight potentially show higher mortality and morbidity. This study aims to reveal the critical essential metabolic parameters associated with endothelial dysfunction in MetS subjects with normo-weight compared to obese. The study was designed using a case-control approach. Ninety-nine MetS subjects (34 Normo-weight and 65 obese) from the urban population were enrolled in this study. The components of MetS are based on NCEP/ATP III criteria. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) as markers for endothelial dysfunction were measured in both groups. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were higher in the normo-weight group (143.38 ± 79.8 mg/dL) compared to the obese group (120.89 ± 46.5 mg/dL). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels in the normo-weight group were lower (42.82 ± 10.1 mg/dL) compared to obesity (45.74 ± 9.3 mg/dL), while triacylglycerol (TAG) levels were higher in the obese (197.25 ± 110.5 mg/dL) compared to the normo-weight group (167.03 ± 98.4 mg/dL), although the differences were statistically not significant (all p > 0.05). The difference between ADMA and VCAM-1 levels was statistically not significant in both groups. Correlation between MetS components with endothelial dysfunction parameters shows that metabolic parameters correlate strongly. Interestingly, a stronger correlation between FBG and ADMA was observed in normo-weight (r = 0.519) compared to obese groups (r = 0.445). In addition, TAG consistently shows a significant correlation with ADMA and VCAM-1 in normo-weight groups. Metabolic parameters, especially FBG and TAG, correlate strongly with endothelial dysfunction parameters in normo-weight subjects with metabolic syndrome.

The zoonotic risk of Anisakis in Euthynnus affinis and Katsuwonus pelamis from Sangihe Waters was studied using a morphometric-parasitological approach. This study aimed to analyse the quantitative relationship between Anisakis infection burden and morphometric parameters in E. affinis and K. pelamis in the Sangihe Islands. A total of 30 fish (17 E. affinis and 13 K. pelamis ) were analyzed between January and April 2024. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed significant differences in size, length (U=9.500; p=0.012), and body mass (U=12.000; p=0.025) between infected and uninfected E. affinis . Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed a significantly strong correlation between the body mass and health status of E. affinis and the intensity of infection (r s =0.786, p=0.036, r s =0.857, and p=0.014, respectively). The length, body mass, and intensity of K. pelamis infections were strongly correlated (r s = 0.894, p = 0.041). The main finding was that larger fish were the primary reservoirs of zoonotic risk. Implications for food safety include commercial freezing (-35°C, 15 h) and preferential visual inspection of Euthynnus affinis >1500 g.