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Urban green open space area is one of the strategies to deal with climate change mitigation and adaptation issues. As one of the relevant exemplifications of the “Urban Forest” concept and sustainable urban development, legal control of urban green open space is necessary to support the effort. This study examines urban green open space policies, practices, opportunities, and challenges in Bogor city regarding climate change mitigation and adaptation. Furthermore, local regulations, including legal issues, key players, and their roles in urban forest management were also discussed. A desk study with descriptive exploratory was implemented in this paper. The results showed that there are challenges in the implementation of urban green open space area policies into urban forest practices. The land size allocation for urban forests in Bogor, West Java, is still not by the existing policies as their land size is far less than 30%. Moreover, most local regulations have relatively paid little attention to private property policy. Local governments can enact local regulations for technical guidelines in short-term strategy as local regulations are expected to support the regional level of urban forests and green open space development. Multi stakeholders’ cooperation and community engagement are potential initiatives for urban forest development at the local government level for climate change resilience.

Moisture and hydrological conditions have a close and fundamental relationship with tropical wetland ecosystems’ existence, characteristics, and function. Peatlands and mangrove ecosystems are wetland ecosystems but both have different unique edaphic characteristics so they are interesting as reference ecosystems. Events like land clearing, drainage, flooding, drought, and fires cause the degradation of peat and mangrove ecosystems in Indonesia. Moisture dynamics and hydro-topography will affect the quality of the land and the environment, so it is very important to study them to provide ecological information for the successful management and restoration of wetland ecosystems. This paper will discuss the role of moisture regimes and hydro-topography in the management of tropical peatlands and mangroves. This study uses a review method by data and information analysis from study reports, field observation notes, and journals simultaneously and in an integrated manner. Moisture regime and hydro-topography conditions on peatlands and mangroves indicate differences in vegetation types and key species. Hydrological characteristics and edaphic conditions are expected to become critical references in the effort to preserve and restore tropical wetland ecosystems, in this case, peatlands and mangrove ecosystems.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fragmenting forests into small and isolated areas due to deforestation increases the risk of species loss. To address global warming, it is crucial to manage fragmented forests, promote income diversification, recycle nutrients and water, and support habitats for numerous specie. One form of forest resulting from fragmentation is customary forests, which are managed by indigenous communities. The goals of this study included 1) assess the vegetation structure and biodiversity within customary fragmented forests, 2) evaluating the characteristics of the soil, 3) estimating the potential for carbon storage, and 4) analyzing community views and management practices associated these forests. The goal is to support the sustainable management of customary fragmented forests by providing scientific and social insights to maintain their ecological functions and community benefits. METHODS: The study was conducted in the Imbo Putui Customary Forest in Petapahan Village, Kampar Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. A total of 18 sample plots were subjected to observation. The analysis of vegetation aimed to assess the structure and composition of the stands, which served as the foundation for determining carbon stock potential. Biodiversity analysis was performed using open source software, which was used to calculate biodiversity indices (species richness, Shannon-Wienner diversity, and Simpson diversity). The analysis of variance was used for statistical tests comparing biodiversity metrics between tree and pole stage groups. Soil characteristics observed included physical, chemical, and biological aspects. The calculation of carbon stock focused on above-ground biomass from trees with diameters greater than 10 centimeters. The diversity of flora and fauna was sourced from general literature, and community perspectives were acquired through field surveys conducted via direct interviews. FINDINGS: Five species with the highest importance index are Scorodocarpus borneensis, Syzygium glabratum, Richetia hopeifolia, Santiria oblongifolia, and Xylopia malayana. The Shannon-Wienner index value was 1.75, indicating relatively high species diversity. Simpson's index value was 0.8 at tree level, indicating relatively lower dominance of some species and higher overall diversity. This soil type is identified as Ultisol, known for its low fertility and acidic nature. Nevertheless, its cation exchange capacity and physical properties are conducive to plant growth and maintaining soil moisture. Carbon sequestration potential is significant, with potential above-ground biomass of 177.24 tons per hectare and carbon stock of 83.30 tons of carbon per hectare. Community perceptions are quite good towards conservation and environmental values, with a significance value greater than 0.05, indicating the same perceptions in all community structures and clusters. CONCLUSION: Imbo Putui Customary Forest is a fragmented forest with relatively high species diversity. The physical characteristics of the soil at the site are conducive to supporting plant growth and providing access to groundwater. Generally, the forest continues to possess significant conservation value, notable carbon sequestration potential, positive perceptions from the community, and possibilities for the sustainable management of ecosystem services.

Tropical peatland in Indonesia experiences massive degradation due to the high pressures of anthropogenic ventures that triggered the disaster, which calls for peatland restoration. This restoration requires comprehensive knowledge in designing and transforming appropriate policy and has become a challenging part of peatland restoration. This research discusses the insights from stakeholders concerning knowledge management to support the policy and strategy of Indonesia’s peatland restoration. The survey was conducted on 72 respondents. Most of the respondents (95.8%) know about the existing tropical peatland in Indonesia. Respondents also elaborated on various sources of peatland knowledge through (1) online scientific search engine; (2) discussion and interview; (3) workshop and conference; (4) observation and experience. We found that 81.9% of respondents have a basic understanding of knowledge management, and 94.4% of respondents agree on the role of social media in knowledge management. Respondents highlighted some points for building knowledge management, including sharing knowledge mechanisms, exploring local knowledge, organizing knowledge, and building an informative platform. Collaboration work is the key in the digital era for this context. Utilizing social media would be an attractive package to shape the policy and strategy in raising public awareness, building networks, and improving sharing knowledge mechanisms.

The short exciton diffusion length associated with most classical organic semiconductors used in organic photovoltaics (5-20 nm) imposes severe limits on the maximum size of the donor and acceptor domains within the photoactive layer of the cell. Identifying materials that are able to transport excitons over longer distances can help advancing our understanding and lead to solar cells with higher efficiency. Here, we measure the exciton diffusion length in a wide range of nonfullerene acceptor molecules using two different experimental techniques based on photocurrent and ultrafast spectroscopy measurements. The acceptors exhibit balanced ambipolar charge transport and surprisingly long exciton diffusion lengths in the range of 20 to 47 nm. With the aid of quantum-chemical calculations, we are able to rationalize the exciton dynamics and draw basic chemical design rules, particularly on the importance of the end-group substituent on the crystal packing of nonfullerene acceptors. The short-range diffusion length of organic semiconductors severely limits exciton harvesting and charge generation in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. Here, the authors report exciton diffusion length in the range of 20 to 47 nm for a wide range of non-fullerene acceptors molecules.

Background: Ramadan fasting (RF) is a form of intermittent fasting that generally improves body composition and related metabolic profiles. Whether RF exacerbates depressive symptomatology in individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) is undetermined. Methods: 100 men, who lived in Bahrain and were between the ages of 18 and 64 years with an established diagnosis of MDD, participated in this 4-week study. Based on preference, participants were assigned to a fasting group (FG, n = 50) and a non-fasting group (NFG, n = 50). The FG engaged in fasting from 03:40 to 18:10 (dawn and dusk timings). Changes in depressive symptoms, body mass, body composition, and components of metabolic syndrome were measured. Results: There were no significant changes in depressive symptoms within the FG vs. NFG after controlling for baseline covariates: mean difference 0.49 (SE = 0.63), p = 0.43. No adverse effects were reported in either group. The FG experienced significant reductions in body mass, 1.87 kg, p = 0.001; body mass index, 0.69 kg/m2, p = 0.001; body fat, 0.87%, p = 0.001; body surface area, 0.03 m2, p = 0.001; and lean mass, 0.77 kg, p = 0.001. Conclusions: RF did not negatively affect depressive symptoms and improved body composition, suggesting short-term intermittent fasting may be a safe dietary practice for adult males with MDD.

Thrombocytopenia, bleeding and plasma leakage are major complications of dengue. Activation of endogenous sialidases with desialylation of platelets and endothelial cells may underlie these complications. We aimed to assess the effects of the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir on platelet recovery and plasma leakage in dengue. We performed a phase 2, double-blind, multicenter, randomized trial in adult dengue patients with thrombocytopenia (<70,000/μl) and a duration of illness ≤ 6 days. Oseltamivir phosphate 75mg BID or placebo were given for a maximum of five days. Primary outcomes were the time to platelet recovery (≥ 100,000/μl) or discharge from hospital and the course of measures of plasma leakage. A total of 70 patients were enrolled; the primary outcome could be assessed in 64 patients (31 oseltamivir; 33 placebo). Time to platelet count ≥100,000/μl (n = 55) or discharge (n = 9) were similar in the oseltamivir and placebo group (3.0 days [95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 3.3] vs. 2.9 days [2.5 to 3.3], P = 0.055). The kinetics of platelet count and parameters of plasma leakage (gall bladder thickness, hematocrit, plasma albumin, syndecan-1) were also similar between the groups. In this trial, adjunctive therapy with oseltamivir phosphate had no effect on platelet recovery or plasma leakage parameters. ISRCTN35227717.

The development of image processing science is needed to solve problems that are often faced by humans, especially in the field of computer vision. One application of the image processing system is on a package delivery mission during the Covid-19 pandemic. Drones are used to send packages by detecting the presence of Qr Code to determine the point of delivery location. In this study, tests will be carried out on the maximum distance (vertical and horizontal) that can be detected by the Qr Code detection system and the length of time to detect the presence of the Qr Code (time spent). The test shows that the greater the data collection distance (vertical and horizontal), the longer the system detects the presence of the Qr Code. The maximum horizontal distance that the Qr Code can detect is 155 cm, while the vertical distance is 115 cm. The detection distance at vertical is smaller than horizontal because the vertical distance is affected by the field of view (FoV).

One of the practical researches of humanoid robots is research on the use of humanoid robots to play soccer. Research in this field is also encouraged by the existence of various humanoid robot soccer competitions. In humanoid robots for soccer, one of the important aspects is the robot’s ability to detect the ball, goal, field boundaries and other players, both friend players and opposing players. This study focuses on the ball detection system which is a basic ability that humanoid robots need to have. The ball detection system developed in this study uses the YOLOv3 method. The test results show that the system built and trained with 3000 image samples can detect balls at a distance of 50 to 900 cm. The time it takes to detect the ball is about 0.033 seconds.

Social Insurance is currently one of the needs that must be prioritized both for government agencies or companies. Health Insurance and Employment Administrator Office established so that workers or companies get social Insurance services for workers. The purpose of making this article is to be able to assist users in finding Health Insurance and Employment Administrator Office information. At the same time, Health Insurance and Employment Administrator Office employees manage office data and registered companies and target companies (non-participants). The method used in this study is the Rational Unified Process, starting from the inception stage to the construction stage. The result of this research is the model application of the distribution of the West Java Health Insurance and Employment Administrator Office by adopting Google maps as a provider of information in the form of graphs. With this model expected, the attractiveness of registering and managing social Insurance for workers will increase.