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This study investigates the feasibility of flash thermography for the examination and conservation of works of art: paintings, works on paper and sculpture. Thermography is a non-destructive technique for the identification of subsurface defects in materials. It is based on the propagation of surface-deposited heat through into the material. Differences in propagation between defect and defectfree areas result in a difference in the surface temperature of the material. The surface temperature is mapped over time by imaging with a mid-infrared digital camera. A xenon arc lamp is used to provide the initial source of radiation, and signal processing is typically applied to the collected data to reduce noise and to enhance key signal characteristics. This technique offers the possibility of investigating the structure of paintings and paper, particularly in cases where other non-destructive examination techniques do not provide sufficient information, for example subsurface delamination and layer structure. The results indicate that thermography is a good technique for detection of paint delamination and the degree of adhesion between layers, particularly in canvas paintings. It also successfully detected wood grain in situations where X-rays did not, although it was not effective for detecting voids or defects in wood.

For the rest of his career, he divided his time between clinical anaesthesia, teaching, and research, mainly into methods of delivery of anaesthetics.

The effect of aerofoil geometry on the oxidative degradation mechanisms experienced by thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used on industrial turbine blades has been investigated. Modified aerofoil-shaped samples (CMSX4 coated with high-velocity oxy-fuel sprayed AMDRY 995 and air plasma sprayed TBC) were oxidised at five temperatures in furnaces from 900 to 1000°C. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis were used to characterise details of the microstructural evolution of the thermally grown oxide and to monitor inter-diffusion between the bond coating and substrate. Additionally, a novel non-destructive examination technique (flash thermography) was used to detect and track the spread of cracks beneath the TBCs. Multiple samples cracking in identical locations suggested an effect of geometry in the failure of coatings. Furthermore, it was observed that coating curvature influenced spinel formation.

For a number of years piezospectroscopy (Cr fluorescence) has been used to monitor the stress levels in the thermally grown oxide (TGO) that forms between the bondcoat and the thermal barrier coating (TBC) in TBC systems. The purpose of that work has been to observe early signs of failure and thus allow operators to schedule service intervals before failure of the TBC system occurred. This paper reports the use of thermography as an additional tool that can be used to assess the \"health\" of TBC systems. The technique consists of imaging the surface of the TBC coated specimen with a high spatial resolution infra-red camera while the specimen is heated, and monitoring the temperature of the outer surface of the TBC. Conductive heating through the substrate and radiative heating incident on the TBC have been studied. Early results are encouraging, revealing a clear correlation between thermograms obtained using the conductive and radiative forms of heating, some of the stress maps obtained using piezospectroscopy and direct metallographic evidence. Examples of electron beam physical vapour deposited (EB PVD) and air plasma sprayed (APS) TBC systems have been studied as they were progressively aged. Cracking and disbonding associated with the TGO and/or TBC have been observed in places where thermography showed differential heating.

A technique is described by which it is possible to construct a sewing needle using only unalloyed copper and stone tools. It is impossible to know whether this was the technique used in Predynastic Egypt, but we have demonstrated a feasible technique for the construction of sewing needles using the available resources of the period.

For a number of years piezospectroscopy (Cr fluorescence) has been used to monitor the stress levels in the thermally grown oxide (TGO) that forms between the bondcoat and the thermal barrier coating (TBC) in TBC systems. The purpose of that work has been to observe early signs of failure and thus allow operators to schedule service intervals before failure of the TBC system occurred. This paper reports the use of thermography as an additional tool that can be used to assess the ''health'' of TBC systems. The technique consists of imaging the surface of the TBC coated specimen with a high spatial resolution infra-red camera while the specimen is heated, and monitoring the temperature of the outer surface of the TBC. Conductive heating through the substrate and radiative heating incident on the TBC have been studied. Early results are encouraging, revealing a clear correlation between thermograms obtained using the conductive and radiative forms of heating, some of the stress maps obtained using piezospectroscopy and direct metallographic evidence. Examples of electron beam physical vapour deposited (EB PVD) and air plasma sprayed (APS) TBC systems have been studied as they were progressively aged. Cracking and disbonding associated with the TGO and/or TBC have been observed in places where thermography showed differential heating.

With evolving technology fueling job and wage growth, the multifamily industry is forced to compete for top talent in new and non-traditional ways. BRE Properties, Inc. through the use of its formal Career Planning process, developed a new approach to retain and develop talent. Through an associate review that looks forward rather than backward, Career Planning helps the associate understand all the opportunities available within the firm. BRE believes that as a result of its efforts, associate trust, morale and, ultimately, satisfaction have been increased significantly.