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"Nye, Joseph S"
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The paradox of American power : why the world's only superpower can't go it alone
In this book, Nye returns to the business of critically appraising America's role in the present and future. While many contemporary 'realist' scholars view China as America's most likely competitor, or envisage a Russia-China-India coalition, Nye feels that the real challenges to America's power come in the form of the very things that have made the last ten years so prosperous: the information revolution and globalization. In Nye's view, while these phenomena at first helped to increase America's 'soft power' (its ability to influence the world through cultural, political, and other non-military means), they will soon threaten to dilute it. As technology spreads the Internet will become less US-centric, transnational corporations and non-governmental actors will gain power, and 'multiple modernities' will mean that 'being number 1 ain't gonna be what it used to be'. Nye includes chapters on American power, the information revolution, globalization, American culture and politics, and 'defining the national interest', along the way considering what the lessons of history have to tell us about what we should do with out unprecedented power - while we still have it. This book will include a sharp analysis of the terrorist attacks on the US in 2000, and will argue that the US cannot fight terrorism by itself.
eBook
Deterrence and Dissuasion in Cyberspace
Understanding deterrence and dissuasion in cyberspace is often difficult because our minds are captured by Cold War images of massive retaliation to a nuclear attack by nuclear means. The analogy to nuclear deterrence is misleading, however, because many aspects of cyber behavior are more like other behaviors, such as crime, that states try (imperfectly) to deter. Preventing harm in cyberspace involves four complex mechanisms: threats of punishment, denial, entanglement, and norms. Even when punishment is used, deterrent threats need not be limited to cyber responses, and they may address general behavior as well as specific acts. Cyber threats are plentiful, often ambiguous, and difficult to attribute. Problems of attribution are said to limit deterrence and dissuasion in the cyber domain, but three of the major means—denial by defense, entanglement, and normative taboos—are not strongly hindered by the attribution problem. The effectiveness of different mechanisms depends on context, and the question of whether deterrence works in cyberspace depends on “who and what.” Not all cyberattacks are of equal importance; not all can be deterred; and not all rise to the level of significant national security threats. The lesson for policymakers is to focus on the most important attacks and to understand the context in which such attacks may occur and the full range of mechanisms available to prevent them.
Journal Article
Public Diplomacy and Soft Power
Soft power is the ability to affect others to obtain the outcomes one wants through attraction rather than coercion or payment. A country's soft power rests on its resources of culture, values, and policies. A smart power strategy combines hard and soft power resources. Public diplomacy has a long history as a means of promoting a country's soft power and was essential in winning the cold war. The current struggle against transnational terrorism is a struggle to win hearts and minds, and the current overreliance on hard power alone is not the path to success. Public diplomacy is an important tool in the arsenal of smart power, but smart public diplomacy requires an understanding of the roles of credibility, self-criticism, and civil society in generating soft power.
Journal Article
Power in the Global Information Age
One of the most brilliant and influential international relations scholars of his generation, Joseph S. Nye Jr. is one of the few academics to have served at the very highest levels of US government. This volume collects together many of his key writings for the first time as well as new material, and an important concluding essay which examines the relevance of international relations in practical policymaking. This book addresses: * America's post-Cold War role in international affairs * the ethics of foreign policy * the information revolution * terrorism.
'Few scholars of international affairs can boast of a more distinguished academic career than Joe Nye, and few foreign policy practitioners of having been more innovative and influential. Almost none has ever combined the two better. This outstanding collection puts on clear display the unique combination of analytical rigor, agile imagination and prudential wisdom that accounts for Nye's successes. Everyone can, and should, learn from these essays.' - John Gerard Ruggie, Harvard University, former United Nations Assistant Secretary-General
1. The Power and Limits of Realism 2. America's Hard and Soft Power 3. Ideas and Morality 4. Interdependence, Globalization and Governance 5. Praxis and Theory
eBook
مستقبل القوة
يعرض هذا العدد لثلاث مقالات مختارة نشرت في بعض الدوريات العالمية، تبحث جميعها في مستقبل القوة والقيادة الأمريكية للعالم. في المقالة الأولى، بعنوان (مستقبل القوة الأمريكية)، يرى جوزيف ناي أن القوة في يومنا هذا موزعة بنمط يشبه لعبة شطرنج معقدة ثلاثية الأبعاد ؛ فعلى رقعة الشطرنج العليا، نجد القوة العسكرية الأحادية القطب إلى حد كبير، ومن المحتمل أن تحتفظ الولايات المتحدة بتفوقها بعض الوقت، أما على رقعة الشطرنج الوسطى، فقد ظلت القوة الاقتصادية المتعددة الأقطاب أكثر من عقد، واللاعبون الرئيسيون، هم : الولايات المتحدة وأوروبا واليابان والصين، إلى جانب آخرين لهم أهمية آخذة في التزايد، وأما رقعة الشطرنج السفلى، فهي مجال العلاقات العابرة للحدود الوطنية، وتشمل أطرافا فاعلين ليسوا دولا؛ كالمصرفيين الذين يحولون الأموال إلكترونيا، والإرهابيين الذين يتاجرون في الأسلحة، والقراصنة الذين يهددون الأمن الإلكتروني، والتحديات التي هي ؛ من قبيل : الأوبئة وتغير المناخ. وعلى هذه الرقعة السفلى، نجد القوة منتشرة على نطاق واسع، بحيث يغدو من غير المعقول التحدث عن الأحادية القطبية أو تعدد القطبية أو السيطرة.
BOOK
The rise and fall of American hegemony from Wilson to Trump
A century ago, Woodrow Wilson changed America’s place in the world when he sent two million men to fight in Europe, but America withdrew into isolationism in the 1930s. After the Second World War, Harry Truman and others created a framework of permanent alliances and multilateral institutions that became known as the ‘liberal international order’ or ‘Pax Americana’. Those terms have become obsolete as descriptions of the US place in the world, but the need for the largest countries to provide public goods remains. An open international order covers political–military affairs; economic relations; ecological relations; and human rights. It remains to be seen to what degree these depend on each other and what will remain as the 1945 package is unpacked. Wilson’s legacy of developing international institutions continues to make sense. Leadership is not the same as domination, and it will need to be shared. There have always been degrees of leadership and degrees of influence during the seven decades of American pre-eminence after 1945. Now with less preponderance and a more complex world, American exceptionalism in terms of its economic and military power should focus on sharing the provision of global public goods, particularly those that require ‘power with’ others. Wilson’s century old insights about international institutions and a rules-based order will remain crucial, but America’s place in that world may be threatened more by the rise of populist politics at home than the rise of other powers abroad.
Journal Article