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In 2010, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) received federal funding to test an evidence-based teen pregnancy prevention program. The grant required a major modification to an existing program and a randomized control trial (RCT) to test its effectiveness. As the major modifications, Alaska used peer educators instead of adults to deliver the program to youth aged 14-19 instead of the original curriculum intended age range of 12-14. Cultural and approach adaptations were included as well. After 4 years of implementation and data collection, the sample was too small to provide statistically significant results. The lack of findings gave no information about the modification, nor any explanation of how the curriculum was received, or reasons for the small sample. This paper reports on a case study follow-up to the RCT to better understand outcome and implementation results. For this study, researchers reviewed project documents and interviewed peer educators, state and local staff, and evaluators. Three themes emerged from the data: (a) the professional growth of peer educators and development of peer education, (b) difficulties resulting from curriculum content, especially for subpopulations of sexually active youth, youth identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and/or asexual, pregnant, and parenting youth and (c) the appropriateness of an RCT with subpopulations of at-risk youth. Three recommendations emerged from the case study. First, including as many stakeholders as possible in the program and evaluation design phases is essential, and must be supported by appropriate funding streams and training. Second, there must be recognition of the multiple small subpopulations found in Alaska when adapting programs designed for a larger and more homogeneous population. Third, RCTs may not be appropriate for all population subgroups.

In 2010, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) received federal funding to test an evidence-based teen pregnancy prevention program. The grant required a major modification to an existing program and a randomized control trial (RCT) to test its effectiveness. As the major modifications, Alaska used peer educators instead of adults to deliver the program to youth aged 14-19 instead of the original curriculum intended age range of 12-14. Cultural and approach adaptations were included as well. After 4 years of implementation and data collection, the sample was too small to provide statistically significant results. The lack of findings gave no information about the modification, nor any explanation of how the curriculum was received, or reasons for the small sample. This paper reports on a case study follow-up to the RCT to better understand outcome and implementation results. For this study, researchers reviewed project documents and interviewed peer educators, state and local staff, and evaluators. Three themes emerged from the data: (a) the professional growth of peer educators and development of peer education, (b) difficulties resulting from curriculum content, especially for subpopulations of sexually active youth, youth identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and/or asexual, pregnant, and parenting youth and (c) the appropriateness of an RCT with subpopulations of at-risk youth. Three recommendations emerged from the case study. First, including as many stakeholders as possible in the program and evaluation design phases is essential, and must be supported by appropriate funding streams and training. Second, there must be recognition of the multiple small subpopulations found in Alaska when adapting programs designed for a larger and more homogeneous population. Third, RCTs may not be appropriate for all population subgroups.

The distinction between \"bitter\" and \"sweet\" (toxic and non-toxic) varieties of the cyanide-containing food crop manioc (Manihot esculenta, Euphorbiaceae) has a long tradition in the tropical forest areas of South and Central America where it was first cultivated. Yet this distinction has no taxonomic basis. The levels of cyanogenic glucosides found in manioc varieties not only vary widely, but do not correspond with any other known morphological or ecological feature. Nonetheless, these two \"varieties\" are commonly reported to have distinct geographical and cultural distributions and each is associated with a particular traditional food complex. This paper reviews the literature regarding the nature, distribution, and traditional uses of manioc varieties and concludes that (1) the geographical and cultural distribution of bitter and sweet varieties of manioc may not be as distinct as has been thought; (2) traditional categories of bitter and sweet manioc may stem more from culturally derived belief systems than from actual known levels of toxicity; and (3) the choice of complex and labor intensive processing methods usually associated with bitter manioc may not be required for detoxification but rather for the derived food products, particularly manioc flour. /// La diferenciación entre las variedades de la yuca (Manihot esculenta, Euphorbiaceae) \"amarga\" y \"dulce\" (tóxico o no tóxico) han sido una tradición de muchos siglos para este articulo de cultivo principal (que contiene cianuro) de los habitantes autóctonos de las selvas tropicales de América del Sur y Central. Hasta ahora, la diferenciación no ha sido en bases a las características taxonomicas. Los niveles de glucósidos de cianuro encontrados en las variedades de la yuca no solamente varían mucho pero ni corresponden a las características morfológicas o ecológicas. Sin embargo, estas dos \"variedades\" han sido renombradas por tener distribuciónes geográficas y culturales differentes según la ubicación, y cada una corresponde a un sistema de agricultura tradicional de las poblaciones Indigenas. Este trabajo revisa la literatura sobre las características, distribución y usos tradicionales de las dos variedades de yuca y concluye que (1) la distribución geográfica y cultural de las variedades de yuca amarga y dulce no son tan claros como la literatura ha presentado; (2) las categorías tradicional de la yuca amarga y dulce puede ser un producto más derivado de los sistemas de creencia culturalmente definidos que del grado real de toxicidad; y (3) la selección de los métodos de procesamiento complejos y entensivos normalmente asociados con la yuca amarga parece que no es requerido para la destoxificación sino para el tipo de productos derivados de esta, particularmenta la harina de yuca.

Did gowns of long ago and the picture hats have more romance, more charm than our straight little dresses and perky hats of today?

IN THE life of society debutantes, college days are paramount. Smart eastern colleges are luring our Southland debs from their homes and haunts. Others cling to the loyalties and traditions of our fine institutions here. All are entering a distinctive social sphere

King Iphitus, who is believed to have inaugurated the first Olympiad on the plains of Elis in ancient Greece, would have been astonished could he have looked in the Sala de Oro of the Biltmore last evening, where the athletes of every nation who have competed for hon-...

Brown eyes, shaded by Greta Garbo lashes, and dark curly hair all belong to naive Marion Shilling, a baby Wampas star.

A happy little chat with Joan Marsh at the Embassy Club Wednesday noon revealed that this Baby Wampas is vivacious not only physically but mentally. It was enlivening to talk with anyone so alert.