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As a junior in Lincoln Park High School's International Baccalaureate Program 15 years ago, I was offered a choice between a brand-new text (which would have been mine on loan) and a tattered, well-used copy that was held together by a rubber band (mine to keep at the year's end). The book was \"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions,\" by Thomas Kuhn, and I chose to keep it.

[...]with the grades I made in high school, I would not have be accepted at my old alma mater today. The stressed-out daughter will avoid her mom or attack her with a string of loud expletives. Because of the pressure, it is easy for mom to react in kind and get hooked in a drama dance. Because they are imperfect, their progress will be imperfect One slip-up is not the end of the world.

This study focused on techniques for promoting and fostering critical thinking in second year community college students about to embark on a field placement course. It had two goals. One goal was to evaluate several techniques for promoting and fostering critical thinking and the other was to add to the teaching repertoire of community college teachers. A literature review established a sound theoretical base for the study. The review also included a description of ways for promoting critical thinking, and a section on the roles that adult educators play in fostering critical thinking. The study had two parts. Based on data collected from a variety of stakeholders, the first part consisted of a one day orientation that was planned and implemented for 16 second year Developmental Services Worker students about to embark on their field placement. The second part included a series of worksheets for the students to complete during their placement. The purpose of the orientation and worksheets was to promote and foster critical thinking and to reduce students' anxiety. Both formal and informal evaluation techniques were used to determine the effectiveness of the orientation and the worksheets. A particular emphasis was on the role of emotions in teaching and learning and the roles played by the adult educator. This study concludes that I was effective in promoting and fostering critical thinking and that some techniques are more effective than others. A secondary outcome was the finding that the orientation I conducted was an effective means of alleviating some of the anxiety that the students felt about beginning their field placement course. That the orientation and worksheets were an effective way to promote and foster critical thinking holds implications for the field of adult education, as discussed, with recommendations in Chapter 4.

Background Dental caries is a significant public health problem and one of the most common chronic conditions affecting children. The potential for the non-dental workforce to improve children’s oral health is well documented. For well over a decade, there have been calls for pediatricians to address children’s oral health, but the incorporation of oral health screening, referral, and oral healthcare in pediatric practice remains underdeveloped. Developing action to strengthen the role of pediatricians’ in children’s oral health requires an understanding of their current knowledge and practice. In this scoping review, we aimed to comprehensively map what is known about the knowledge and practice of pediatricians regarding children’s oral health. Methods Arksey & O’Malley’s five-stage review process was used to comprehensively map studies undertaken on pediatrician’s knowledge and practice regarding children’s oral health. Key search terms were developed and a total of 42 eligible articles are included in the review. Results The studies were conducted in 19 countries. The majority (41/42) were quantitative, with over 90% using self-reported surveys. Only four studies used previously validated survey tools, with most adapting questions from previous studies. Observational designs were used in two studies and one used qualitative methods. Sample size ranged from 15 to 862. Oral health knowledge amongst pediatricians was reported to be mostly poor, with many gaps in key areas including age for first dental visit, dental caries and oral health risk assessments. Studies on the translation of oral health knowledge to practice were limited, with wide variation in rates of assessment. Few studies assessed actual practice. Conclusions This scoping review highlights growing international interest in the role of pediatricians in children’s oral health. Findings demonstrate that pediatricians have limited knowledge and understanding in critical areas, including; initial clinical signs of dental caries, recommended age for first dental visit, etiology of dental caries and recommended use of fluorides. Barriers for pediatricians include inadequate education and training, time constraints in practice and lack of referral pathways. Development of a validated tool to assess knowledge and practice is needed. This review provides a starting point to guide future research and areas for systematic reviews.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted cancer systems worldwide. Quantifying the changes is critical to informing the delivery of care while the pandemic continues, as well as for system recovery and future pandemic planning. To quantify change in the delivery of cancer services across the continuum of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This population-based cohort study assessed cancer screening, imaging, diagnostic, treatment, and psychosocial oncological care services delivered in pediatric and adult populations in Ontario, Canada (population 14.7 million), from April 1, 2019, to March 1, 2021. Data were analyzed from May 1 to July 31, 2021. COVID-19 pandemic. Cancer service volumes from the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, defined as April 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021, were compared with volumes during a prepandemic period of April 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020. During the first year of the pandemic, there were a total of 4 476 693 cancer care services, compared with 5 644 105 services in the year prior, a difference of 20.7% fewer services of cancer care, representing a potential backlog of 1 167 412 cancer services. While there were less pronounced changes in systemic treatments, emergency and urgent imaging examinations (eg, 1.9% more parenteral systemic treatments) and surgical procedures (eg, 65% more urgent surgical procedures), major reductions were observed for most services beginning in March 2020. Compared with the year prior, during the first pandemic year, cancer screenings were reduced by 42.4% (-1 016 181 screening tests), cancer treatment surgical procedures by 14.1% (-8020 procedures), and radiation treatment visits by 21.0% (-141 629 visits). Biopsies to confirm cancer decreased by up to 41.2% and surgical cancer resections by up to 27.8% during the first pandemic wave. New consultation volumes also decreased, such as for systemic treatment (-8.2%) and radiation treatment (-9.3%). The use of virtual cancer care increased for systemic treatment and radiation treatment and psychosocial oncological care visits, increasing from 0% to 20% of total new or follow-up visits prior to the pandemic up to 78% of total visits in the first pandemic year. In this population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada, large reductions in cancer service volumes were observed. While most services recovered to prepandemic levels at the end of the first pandemic year, a substantial care deficit likely accrued. The anticipated downstream morbidity and mortality associated with this deficit underscore the urgent need to address the backlog and recover cancer care and warrant further study.

[...]the repercussions of permitting extra billing in Canada could eviscerate our publicly-funded system, whereas this is not the case in England.

[...]the repercussions of permitting extra billing in Canada could eviscerate our publiclyfunded system, whereas this is not the case in Britain.