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Fabricating breakthrough materials capable of desalinating seawater and brine with high selectivity and low energy consumption is crucial for addressing global water and energy challenges. We report here the desalination capability of ultra-thin polymeric films with subnanometer pores synthesized through the polymerization of fluorinated trichlorosilane monomers and diamine-based monomers. The combination of subnanometer pore size, submicron thickness, and superhydrophobicity facilitates efficient liquid-to-vapor phase change in the membrane distillation process, enabling effective desalination performance. The thin-films demonstrate high salt rejection (99.8%), complete boron rejection, and water fluxes of 40 L.m −2 .h −1 (1.88 kWh.m −3 , WRR sp 0.32%) and 238 L.m −2 .h −1 (20.65 kWh.m −3 , WRR sp 3.87%) for seawater at 25 °C and 60 °C, respectively. For the desalination of real seawater reverse osmosis brine at 25 °C, the thin-films maintain 12 L.m −2 .h −1 (4.4 kWh.m −3 , WRR sp 0.09%) under comparable conditions. Their polymeric nature, chlorine resistance, and low energy requirements, indicate a potential for scalable and sustainable desalination systems. Fabricating breakthrough materials capable of desalinating seawater and brine with high selectivity and low energy consumption is vital to address the global water shortage and energy crisis. Here the authors describe the synthesis of thin films with submicron thicknesses and subnanometer pores with outstanding desalination performance.

The activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were synthesized from Palm waste fibers using a 15 w/v% KOH solution and activated at two temperatures: 500 °C and 800 °C under vacuum conditions. Structural analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the formation of carbon structures with integrated K⁺ ions (ACK). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that carbon fibers activated at 800 °C exhibit a hierarchically porous morphology. For these activated carbon fibers, the pore size increased to approximately 134 nm, and the total pore volume reached 0.981 cm³/g. Electrical conductivity measurements showed that ACK800 has a high conductivity of 0.64 S/cm, attributed to the enhanced transport of charge carriers across the well-developed porous surface. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve of ACK800 displayed a significant current response and the largest enclosed area among the tested samples, indicating higher capacitance than both CF and ACK500. The specific capacitance of ACK800 was measured at 223.4, 168.5, 138.5, 142.2, and 141.1 F/g at current densities of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 A/g, respectively. As the current density increased from 1.0 A/g to 10 A/g, the capacitance retention remained high at 97.2%, with minimal capacity loss. Additionally, ACK800 retained 95.68% of its initial discharge capacity. The coulombic efficiency of the ACK800 electrodes was approximately 97.2%, indicating excellent reversibility and stable electrochemical behavior during the galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) tests. The well-developed surface morphology of the activated carbon fibers highlights their potential as a sustainable material for environmental remediation and energy storage applications.

Currently, highly efficient nano photocatalysts driven by visible light are being developed for organic pollutant removal and bioimaging applications. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been shown to enhance the photocatalytic activity of nanocomposites. In this work, we report the surface modification of a polyaniline (PANI) photocatalyst using hydrothermally produced CQDs. The synthesized nanocomposite (CQDs/PANI) was characterized using advanced analytical techniques. These studies confirmed the presence of PANI and CQDs and demonstrated their roles in improving electron-hole pair separation and reducing the band gap of PANI. The photocatalytic activity of the CQDs/PANI (5 wt%) nanocomposite was evaluated under visible light irradiation for the degradation of Brilliant Green dye in aqueous solution. The synthesized photocatalyst achieved nearly 100% dye removal after 35 min of irradiation. The kinetics of the dye degradation was predicted using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, with a rate constant (k app ) of 0.0351. The study also investigated the effects of initial dye concentration, pH, and photocatalyst dosage on the photocatalytic activity of CQDs/PANI (5 wt%). The optimal conditions were 15 mg of photocatalyst per 50 ml of a 10-ppm dye solution, with a neutral pH of 7. The photocatalyst demonstrated excellent stability and reusability over four reaction cycles. The exact cell line of human breast cells used in this work is MCF-7. Additionally, the nanocomposite was evaluated for cell imaging in human breast cancer cells (MFC-7), showing excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity.

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of polyethylene mulching and the addition of mushroom farm waste in some physical properties of soil and zucchini squash plants inside an area of 437.5 m2 (dimensions: 25 × 17.5 m), a field experiment was carried out at the first research station connected with the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar during the autumn season of 2023. Three replications and two factors mulching and non-mulching of polyethylene, and white mushroom farm waste at four levels (0, 8, 16, and 24 m3 ha −1 ) were used in a factorial experiment set under completely randomised block design (RCBD). Before the experiment, soil samples were randomly gathered from several sites at a depth (0 to 0.30 m) with a soil auger. Beginning on August 15, 2023, with ongoing crop management operations until the end of the experiment on November 20, 2023 Mean weight diameter, particle density, bulk density, total porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity were among the various factors later on that were assessed. Regarding particle density, the results revealed no appreciable impact of mulched treatment over non-mulched treatment or of the addition of white mushroom farm waste at all levels over the control treatment. Furthermore, the results indicated a significant impact of both mulching and addition on hydraulic conductivity, and mean-weighted diameter. A significant increase was observed in the mulching treatment compared to non-mulched. Likewise, the addition treatments showed a significant effect, resulting in a clearly increase across all levels of addition compared to the control treatment.

Background and Aim Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito‐borne viral disease of great health threat in Yemen. DF is an endemic disease with many outbreaks in Taiz governorate. Among Yemeni communities, university students play an important role in increasing knowledge and good health practices to fight DF. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the DF knowledge and prevention awareness level of this community section. Methods This cross‐sectional study was carried out between January and June 2023 among undergraduate students from public and private universities in Taiz City, Yemen. The sample size was 400 students. Participants from different academic levels of different colleges were selected using the stratified random method. Knowledge of dengue fever and prevention awareness was assessed using a validated questionnaire and face‐to‐face interviews. The questionnaire consists of three groups of questions: personal characteristics, general knowledge, and prevention awareness of DF. The question answers were dichotomous: correct and incorrect. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and χ2 and Odds Ratio (OR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) for association using SPSS 21. Results The overall knowledge score of the respondents was 22.2% as good, 68.8% as moderate, and 9% as poor knowledge; meanwhile, that of awareness was 52.8%, 35.7%, and 11.5% respectively. The domain‐specific percentages of correct answers were 57.3%, 61.9%, 83%, 55.3%, and 82.9% for symptoms, causative agent, transmission, clinical management, and prevention awareness. The medical students exhibited higher overall general knowledge and prevention than nonmedical students (OR, 1.912, 95% CI, 1.166–3.134; p = 0.013). Conclusion Most university students in Taiz exhibited moderate overall knowledge of dengue fever, with strong preventive awareness. Efforts should be made to increase knowledge levels and preventive awareness, specifically among university students, as this will empower them to take proactive measures against dengue fever and promote effective health practices within their communities.

Warts are small, benign growths caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the skin or mucous membrane. Photodynamic therapy in dermatology is simplified by the accessibility of the skin to light application and allows using any light source with the appropriate spectrum. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of daylight-PDT versus pro yellow laser (577 nm)-PDT mediated by 10% methylene blue (MB) gel in the treatment of plane warts. This prospective comparative study was carried out on 34 patients presented with common warts (≥ 1 warts). Patients were divided into two equal groups by simple randomization process. Group 1: treated with daylight PDT using MB (MB-DL PDT), group 2: treated with Pro yellow laser as PDT using MB. The results of the present study revealed excellent response of warts in 9 patients (52.9%), very good response in 4 patients (23.5%) and poor response in 2 patients (11.8%) of group (1). In group (2), excellent response of the treated warts was observed in 5 patients (29.4%), poor response in 5 patients (29.4%) and no response in 7 patients (41.2%). Daylight-photodynamic therapy (DL-PDT) using MB is an effective treatment, nearly pain free and of convenience to patients. Careful consideration should be given to patient-specific factors such as immune status and previous treatment history. Future research with larger sample sizes, HPV genotyping, and longer follow-up periods is warranted to optimize patient-tailored PDT protocols.

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate sexual dysfunction and quality of life in women with genital warts. Methods A total of 100 women were included if they were aged 18–45 years, had genital warts (GWs) for at least three months, and were in a stable marital relationship for at least six months. All participants completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaires. Results Showed that the lowest mean scores were observed in the domains of orgasm (1.91 ± 1.07), arousal (2.82 ± 1.12), satisfaction (3.01 ± 1.01), pain (3.11 ± 1.34), desire (3.37 ± 1.01), and lubrication (3.64 ± 1.32). Total FSFI score was 17.64 ± 6.15. The presence of GWs had a significant very large impact on patients QOL in 49% of participants ( p < 0.001). Conclusions Results demonstrated sexual and quality of life affection among females complaining of genital warts. Sexual health and dysfunction should be routinely assessed in women presenting with genital warts.

In the present work, we have investigated the influence of substrate temperature and solution concentration on copper oxide (CuO) thin film properties deposited by the spray pyrolysis technique. A set of CuO thin films was deposited on glass substrate with various substrate temperatures ranging from 400 to 650 °C at two copper salt molarities. The synthesized films' structure and morphology were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The optical properties were studied using UV–visible spectroscopy. The obtained results indicate that the substrate temperature is a key parameter controlling CuO films' growth mechanisms and their physical properties. The prepared films are mainly composed of a CuO monophase. The crystallite size is reduced by increasing the substrate temperature.

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) have attracted significant interest as sustainable green hydrogen production devices because they utilize the environmentally friendly biocatalytic oxidation of organic wastes and electrochemical proton reduction with the support of relatively lower external power compared to that used by water electrolysis. However, the commercialization of MEC technology has stagnated owing to several critical technological challenges. Recently, many attempts have been made to utilize nanomaterials in MECs owing to the unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials originating from their extremely small size (at least <100 nm in one dimension). The extraordinary properties of nanomaterials have provided great clues to overcome the technological hurdles in MECs. Nanomaterials are believed to play a crucial role in the commercialization of MECs. Thus, understanding the technological challenges of MECs, the characteristics of nanomaterials, and the employment of nanomaterials in MECs could be helpful in realizing commercial MEC technologies. Herein, the critical challenges that need to be addressed for MECs are highlighted, and then previous studies that used nanomaterials to overcome the technological difficulties of MECs are reviewed.

To provide a detailed study of demographic, baseline comorbidities, clinical features, and outcome for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. A record-based case-series study conducted from March 23 to June 15, 2020 in King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Demographic data, clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, complications, and in-hospital outcome of COVID-19 patients collected with analysis of the clinical characteristics for survivors and deceased. A total of 768 patients were included. The mean age was 46.36±13.7 years and 76.7% were men. Approximately 96.3% reported more than one comorbidity; diabetes mellitus was the most frequent (46.4%). Fever (84.5%), cough (82.3%), and shortness of breath (79.8%) were the main presenting symptoms. During the follow-up, pneumonia reported in 68.6%, acute respiratory distress syndrome in 32.7%, septic shock in 20.7%, respiratory failure in 20.3%, and acute kidney injury in 19.3%. Approximately 45.8% of enrolled patients required intensive care unit admission. Lung disease (odd ratio [OR]=3.862 with 95% confident interval [CI] (2.455-6.074), obesity (OR=3.732, CI=2.511-5.546), smoking (OR=2.991, CI=2.072-4.317), chronic kidney disease (OR=2.296. CI=1.497-3.521), and diabetes mellitus (OR=2.291, CI=1.714-3.063) are predictors of ICU admission. Fatality ratio was 4.27%; therefore, men were more prevalent in dead group. Coronavirus disease 2019 places a huge burden on healthcare facilities, particularly in patients with comorbidity. Coronavirus disease 2019 patients who are obese and smokers with history of diabetes mellitus have a high risk of death.