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microbeMASST, a taxonomically informed mass spectrometry (MS) search tool, tackles limited microbial metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Leveraging a curated database of >60,000 microbial monocultures, users can search known and unknown MS/MS spectra and link them to their respective microbial producers via MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Identification of microbe-derived metabolites and relative producers without a priori knowledge will vastly enhance the understanding of microorganisms’ role in ecology and human health. microbeMASST is a tool to associate known and unknown metabolites to microbial producers leveraging untargeted metabolomics data.

MicrobeMASST, a taxonomically-informed mass spectrometry (MS) search tool, tackles limited microbial metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Leveraging a curated database of >60,000 microbial monocultures, users can search known and unknown MS/MS spectra and link them to their respective microbial producers via MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Identification of microbial-derived metabolites and relative producers, without a priori knowledge, will vastly enhance the understanding of microorganisms’ role in ecology and human health.

Ticks are important vectors involved in the transmission of pathogens of zoonotic and veterinary importance. In this study, ticks were collected from cattle in Navrongo, Kintampo, and Kumasi and screened for pathogen DNA using PCR and Sanger sequencing. A total of 454 ticks were collected, morphologically identified and confirmed using primers that target the 660-bp segment of the mitochondrial COI gene. The predominant tick species was Amblyomma variegatum (70.26%). DNA was extracted from 85 tick pools and screened for the presence of Rickettsia DNA based on the 639 bp of the outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene, Ehrlichia / Anaplasma DNA based on the 345 bp fragment of the 16SrRNA gene and Babesia / Theileria DNA based on the 560 bp fragment of the ssrRNA gene. From the 85 tick pools, the DNA of pathogens detected were Rickettsia africae (36.47%), Rickettsia aeschlimannii (16.47%), Ehrlichia canis (2.35%), Babesia occultans (1.18%), Theileria velifera (1.18%) and a symbiont Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii (8.24%). This study reports the first molecular detection of Candidatus Cryptoplasma californiense (1.18%) in Ghana. Coinfections were recorded in 8.24% of the tick pools. The findings of this study highlight the importance of tick species in Ghana and the need to adopt effective control measures to prevent pathogen spread.

Ticks are competent vectors of a wide range of pathogens. They are of veterinary and public health importance as they affect both animal and human health. Transhumance and the transboundary movements of cattle within the West African Sub-region have facilitated the spread of ticks which threatens the introduction of invasive species. Currently, Rhipicephalus microplus have been identified in the Upper East Region of Ghana which could mean a wider distribution of the species across the country due to livestock trade. This study focused on three sites in the Greater Accra Region, which serves as the gateway to receiving most of the cattle transported from the northern regions of Ghana. Ticks were sampled from August 2022 in the wet season to January 2023 in the dry season. Three tick genera were identified: Amblyomma (19.5%), Hyalomma (1.1%), and Rhipicephalus (79.3%) from the 1,489 feeding ticks collected from cattle. Furthermore, Rhipicephalus microplus, Hyalomma rufipes and Amblyomma variegatum were identified molecularly using primers that target the mitochondrial COI gene. There was a significant association between the tick species and seasons (p < 0.001). Finding R. microplus in this study indicates the extent of the spread of this invasive tick species in Ghana and highlights the need for efficient surveillance systems and control measures within the country.

Background: Recently, arboviruses have been of concern as pathogens for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. In Ghana, yellow fever outbreak occurred in Savannah Region in the year 2021. A team from different institutions, organisations, and stakeholders of health with varying vital expertise was assembled to respond to this national emergency to assess, contain and/or control the rapid spread of the disease. This paper presents findings from the entomological investigations conducted during the yellow fever outbreak. Methods: Immature stages of Aedes mosquitoes were collected from breeding containers in and around houses, and adult mosquitoes sampled using BG-Sentinel traps, human landing catches and Prokopack collections. After morphological identification of these mosquitoes, they were screened for Chikungunya, Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever, and Zika viruses using real time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: In all, 12,264 breeding containers were examined. A total of 3,885 larvae and 1,186 pupae were obtained from 173 containers. Out of 1,001 houses surveyed, 130 were positive for larvae and/or pupae. The breeding receptacles included plastic (6,529), metallic (6,024), clay jar (753), tire (565), and well (34). The WHO thresholds for arboviruses larval indices were used to assess risk. A total of 1571 adults identified [Aedes aegypti aegypti (35), Aedes aegypti formosus (619), and Culex (917)] were collected with adult mosquito sampling methods or emerged from immature mosquitoes stages. None of the arboviruses were detected using qPCR. Conclusion: Vectors had no yellow fever infections. There was a high risk of arbovirus transmission in the study areas although mosquito vectors were not positive for arboviruses. Aedes aegypti formosus was the dominant Aedes species. They might be drivers for yellow fever transmission during outbreak. Generally, arboviral transmission was high in all study districts. Although yellow fever virus was not detected, Aedes aegypti populations and transmission risk in study districts was high.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.