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We present a new global survey of the purest anorthosite (PAN) rock using the Spectral Profiler onboard Kaguya. We found that PAN rocks are widely distributed over the Moon, including the Feldspathic Highland Terrain and the south and north polar regions. All PAN sites are associated with huge impact structures with diameters larger than 100 km. Based on the global distributions of PAN and olivine‐rich sites, we propose the existence of a massive PAN layer with a thickness of ∼50 km below an uppermost mafic‐rich mixed layer with a thickness of ∼10 km. Below the PAN layer, a lower crustal layer with olivine‐rich materials may be present on the nearside, but not on the far side of the Moon. The existence of a PAN layer with a thickness of ∼50 km suggests an Al2O3 abundance of 33 to 34 wt.% in the lunar crust, which is higher than previous estimates of <32 wt.%. Our data indicate the massive production event of PAN during the early stage of the formation of the Moon, supporting the lunar magma ocean scenario. Key Points The existence of a massive layer of pure anorthosite on the Moon Massive production of pure anorthosite produced during the lunar magma ocean Dichotomy of lunar lower crust

Abstract We measured the production cross sections and momentum distributions of proton-rich radioactive isotopes (RIs) whose atomic numbers were 18–37. These isotopes were produced by the projectile fragmentation of a 345-MeV/nucleon $^{78}$Kr beam impinged on a 5-mm Be target. The cross sections close to the stability region were reproduced fairly well by the semi-empirical formulas, EPAX3.1a and FRACS1.1. However, these formulas tend to overestimate the cross sections of the RIs near the proton drip line, sometimes by as much as 100-fold. The Abrasion–Ablation model in the LISE$^{++}$ package was employed, using different mass table variations, to describe the experimental results in this region. The best agreement was achieved when the Weizsäcker-Skyrme microscopic-macroscopic mass formula (WS4$_{\\mathrm{RBF}}$) and a version of the nonrelativistic Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov mass model (HFB22) were used. The momentum distribution was represented well by an asymmetric Gaussian distribution. The width of the high-momentum side of the distribution was reproduced fairly well by the Goldhaber model, whereas the width of the low-momentum side was 1.1 times larger than that of the high-momentum side. Moreover, an exponential-shaped low-momentum tail was observed, which began from a height of approximately 1/100–1/1000 of the momentum peak. The momentum means were not reproduced well by Morrissey’s empirical formula: additional velocity loss to the formula was observed. The yield of $^{68}$Br was smaller than the expected yield, as estimated from the yield systematics of its neighboring RIs. Assuming an in-flight decay in the separator, the half-life of $^{68}$Br was estimated to be $105^{+62}_{-25}$ ns.

Abstract We report proton-rich new isotopes obtained in the region of atomic number $Z$ = 60 produced by the projectile fragmentation of a 345-MeV/nucleon $^{238}$U beam at the RI Beam Factory, RIKEN. Based on the evaluation shown in the National Nuclear Data Center as of June 2025, the following 13 new isotopes have been discovered: $^{118,119}_{\\qquad \\! 57}$La, $^{119,120}_{\\qquad \\! 58}$Ce, $^{122,123}_{\\qquad \\! 59}$Pr, $^{123,124,126}_{\\qquad \\quad \\, \\, 60}$Nd, $^{125,126,127}_{\\qquad \\quad \\, \\, 61}$Pm, and $^{128}_{\\ 62}$Sm. These highly proton-rich radioactive isotopes were separated and identified using BigRIPS, the large-acceptance two-stage separator at RIKEN. Hydrogen-like ions of the isotopes of interest were transported between the production target and the first degrader, following which the ions were fully stripped to increase the purity of the new isotopes in the secondary beams. The cross sections of the highly proton-rich isotopes were deduced and compared with the predictions using semi-empirical formulas.

Abstract We report 14 proton-rich new isotopes with atomic numbers (Z) of 63–70 produced via projectile fragmentation of a 345-MeV/nucleon $^{238}$U beam at the RI Beam Factory, RIKEN, based on the new-isotope evaluation shown in the National Nuclear Data Center as of October 2025: $^{132,133}_{\\qquad \\! 63}$Eu, $^{133,134,136}_{\\qquad \\quad \\, \\, 64}$Gd, $^{136,137,138}_{\\qquad \\quad \\, \\, 65}$Tb, $^{138}_{\\ 66}$Dy, $^{143}_{\\ 67}$Ho, $^{143}_{\\ 68}$Er, $^{144}_{\\ 69}$Tm, and $^{147,148}_{\\qquad \\! 70}$Yb. These highly proton-rich radioactive isotopes were separated and identified using the large-acceptance two-stage separator, BigRIPS. A 10-µm Ta charge stripper was used in the first stage of the separator to efficiently remove less-exotic lower-Z contaminants than the isotopes of interest: Hydrogen-like and fully stripped ions were transported before and after the charge stripper, respectively. Production cross sections of the new isotopes and their neighboring nuclei were determined and compared with semi-empirical formulas, among which EPAX2.15 showed the best agreement with the experimental data.

Background: Collaborative interprofessional practice is essential in the critical care arena to promote quality, safety, and positive outcomes for patients. An interprofessional educational activity focusing on early mobilization of intubated intensive care patients was undertaken with senior level nursing students and physical therapy students. Evidence demonstrates that these patients have improved functional outcomes, fewer days requiring mechanical ventilation, fewer days of delirium, and decreased length of stay both within the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital with early mobilization efforts. Method: Students applied knowledge from the literature, clinical guidelines, and evidence-based practices in developing a plan of care to facilitate early mobility of the intensive care intubated patient. A structured debriefing session followed. Results: Students developed a keen appreciation of collaborative, interprofessional, evidence-based care vital to patients who are intubated in the ICU. Conclusion: Student engagement in simulated interprofessional teams potentially influences their perceptions and attitudes about its benefits which are necessary for future professional practice. [J Nurs Educ. 2022;61(9):537–541.]

Hypercalcemia is relatively rare but clinically important complication in childhood leukemic patients. To clarify the clinical characteristics, mechanisms of hypercalcemia, response to management for hypercalcemia, incidence of t(17;19) and final outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accompanied by hypercalcemia, clinical data of 22 cases of childhood ALL accompanied by hypercalcemia (>12 mg/dl) reported in Japan from 1990 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. Eleven patients were 10 years and older. Twenty patients had low white blood cell count (<20 x 10(9)/l), 15 showed hemoglobin> or =8 g/dl and 14 showed platelet count > or =100 x 10(9)/l. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)-mediated hypercalcemia was confirmed in 11 of the 16 patients in whom elevated-serum level or positive immunohistochemistry of PTHrP was observed. Hypercalcemia and accompanying renal insufficiency resolved quickly, particularly in patients treated with bisphosphonate. t(17;19) or add(19)(p13) was detected in five patients among 17 patients in whom karyotypic data were available, and the presence of E2A-HLF was confirmed in these five patients. All five patients with t(17;19)-ALL relapsed very early. Excluding the t(17;19)-ALL patients, the final outcome of ALL accompanied by hypercalcemia was similar to that of all childhood ALL patients, indicating that the development of hypercalcemia itself is not a poor prognostic factor.

Abstract We present the discovery of a new isotope of $^{98}$Sn beyond the double-magic N = Z = 50 nucleus $^{100}$Sn. $^{98}$Sn was identified among the projectile-fragmentation products of a $^{124}$Xe beam at 345 MeV/nucleon at the RI Beam Factory, RIKEN, Japan. Additionally, we have confirmed the production of $^{96}$In and $^{94}$Cd, previously reported as new isotopes at RIKEN. These highly proton-rich nuclei were separated and identified using the large-acceptance two-stage separator BigRIPS. Furthermore, we have determined the cross sections of $^{98}$Sn and its neighboring nuclei. These experimental values were compared to the semi-empirical cross-section formula EPAX3.1a, resulting in a reduction of the predicted cross sections by roughly a factor of 5.

The phase transition mechanism of methane hydrate from sH to filled-ice Ih structure was examined using a combination of time-resolved X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with charge-coupled device (CCD) camera observation under fixed pressure conditions. Prior to time-resolved Raman experiments, the typical C-H vibration modes and their pressure dependence of three methane hydrate structures, fluid methane and solid methane were measured using Raman spectroscopy to distinguish the phase transitions of methane hydrates from decomposition to solid methane and ice VI or VII. Experimental results by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and CCD camera observation revealed that the structural transition of sH to filled-ice Ih occurs through a collapse of the sH framework followed by the release of fluid methane that is then gradually incorporated into the filled-ice Ih to reconstruct its structure. These observations suggest that the phase transition of sH to filled-ice Ih takes place by a typical reconstructive mechanism.

We investigated the continuous spectral features of fresh craters on the Moon accompanied by distinctive bright rays, with cavity diameters between 8 and 24 km. We used the data from the Spectral Profiler onboard SELENE (Kaguya) to gain a better understanding of the composition of the lunar highland crust. We found that the observed spectra exhibited strong symmetric absorption around 1 μm and recognizable absorption around 1.3 μm. The spectra around a few craters showed a drastic change in the relative strengths of these two absorption bands s1.3/1.0 at different locations in and around the craters, indicating differences in the abundance of plagioclase and mafic minerals. In contrast, the spectra around most of the craters showed no significant variation in spectral shape, with an essentially constant s1.3/1.0. We analyzed the absorption features of the craters with an essentially constant s1.3/1.0 using the Modified Gaussian Model. We found that the strongest symmetric absorption bands were centered at 0.97–1.01 μm with s1.3/1.0 ≈ 0.2–0.6. Comparing these values with data from known samples, we concluded that high‐calcium pyroxene (HCP) is the most plausible dominant mafic mineral identified from the observed spectra. The fact that we detected such HCP‐dominant spectra among rayed craters widely spaced across the lunar highland implies that the major mafic component of some portions of the lunar crust is HCP rather than low‐calcium pyroxene (LCP). Key Points Using newly obtained SP data combined with MGM, we identified minerals on Moon SP spectra implied HCP is widely distributed near the surface of lunar highlands We presented potential interpretations of origin of observed HCP on the Moon

The near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu, the target of the Hayabusa2 sample-return mission, is thought to be a primitive carbonaceous object. We report reflectance spectra of Ryugu’s surface acquired with the Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) on Hayabusa2, to provide direct measurements of the surface composition and geological context for the returned samples. A weak, narrow absorption feature centered at 2.72 micrometers was detected across the entire observed surface, indicating that hydroxyl (OH)–bearing minerals are ubiquitous there. The intensity of the OH feature and low albedo are similar to thermally and/or shock-metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. There are few variations in the OH-band position, which is consistent with Ryugu being a compositionally homogeneous rubble-pile object generated from impact fragments of an undifferentiated aqueously altered parent body.