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This study aims to explore the impact of extreme weather condition on sleep quality and physical activity in Gorontalo using a cross-sectional research design. The data were collected from 220 respondents aged 18-25  using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ),  and weather information from BMKG Gorontalo. The results showed that extreme weather, especially high temperatures, significantly reduced physical activity and affected sleep quality. Respondents with higher physical activity levels showed better sleep quality (lower PSQI scores). Extreme weather also reduces motivation to exercise, increasing the risk of health problems such as dehydration and heat stroke. In conclusion, public health interventions that promote physical activity and improved sleep quality during extreme weather conditions are urgently needed to reduce associated health risks. This study emphasises the importance of understanding the specific mechanisms of how extreme weather affects sleep and physical activity, and developing strategies to maintain healthy routines despite adverse weather conditions. Keywords: extreme weather, sleep quality, physical activity, public health, health interventions.

Traditional Balinese games are considered a cultural heritage that provides many basic movement benefits but have not been well revealed, this study aims to describe the effectiveness Motor Learning Model Based on Local Wisdom (MLMBLW) in Improving Fundamental Skills of students in early childhood education programs in Buleleng Regency in Bali Provinces.The data analysis technique used descriptive quantitative. The sample in this study was the students in early childhood education Laboratory of Undiksha shool and early childhood education Telkom School (n = 44) age 5 year taken by purposive sampling technique with active children for traditional Balinese games. Data were collected by direct observation, questionnaires, and tests. Based on the results of data analysis, the effectiveness of the MLMBLW which can be seen from the activities of students participating in learning 81.3% belongs to the very high/very active category, student learning achievement as seen from the average fundamental motor skills above 70% have moderate to high basic movement skills, and the teacher's response to the implementation is overall positive. This research is evidence that MLMBLW is effectively applied in the implementation of motor learning in early childhood students From the results of this study, there are several things that are recommended: (1) early childhood education teachers must understand the character of students and the local wisdom used, so that the learning steps (syntax) can be implemented properly, (2) the learning model can be implemented properly, if the teacher understands how to play traditional games (local wisdom) well. Introducing culture to every child is the same as preserving the world's cultural wealth, for that reason traditional Balinese games are also important in addition to improving fitness Keywords Basic Movement Activities, Balinese Culture, Traditional Games

Learning that is still monotonous, limited creative and innovative teaching materials and teaching and learning activities that are less fun are obstacles to achieving the physical fitness goals of students. The purpose of developing electronic modules with physical fitness materials based on play activities for students at the elementary school level is to develop electronic modules through play activities and improve the physical fitness of students at the elementary school level. This type of research is Research and Development which consists of potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product trial and product revision. This study involved 64 students from 3 schools, 3 lecturers (material experts, linguists and media experts) and 2 sports teachers at the elementary school level. Physical fitness data collection using the Nusantara Student Fitness Test. The results of the study 1) The creation of an electronic module of physical fitness material based on valid and reliable play activities, 2) Can improve the physical fitness of students through fun play activities. Electronic modules as part of technological developments can be used directly by society at large for the purpose of physical fitness, so that future researchers can provide more detailed aspects of physical fitness. Keywords: Electronic module; physical fitness; Play Activities; Healthy    

This study examines the many elements influencing endurance performance in university students, including training routines, psychological fortitude, hereditary tendencies, and environmental adjustments. Data was gathered from 38 university students engaged in endurance sports using a descriptive methodology. The results reveal a significant commitment to endurance training since individuals typically participate in four sessions each week, each lasting around 60 minutes. Psychological resilience plays a significant role, with 82% of participants showing strong levels of intrinsic motivation and 74% displaying mental toughness in overcoming obstacles. 37% of participants have a family history of endurance performance, while 29% are interested in genetic testing, showing differing views on hereditary effects on performance. Performance outcomes are greatly impacted by environmental conditions, such as altitude training (42%), and heat acclimatisation (63%), which are often used tactics. The physiological examinations show an average VO2 max of 50 ml/kg/min, along with a muscle fibre composition consisting of 55% slow-twitch fibres and 45% fast-twitch fibres. The results highlight the intricate nature of elements influencing endurance performance in university students, emphasising the need for customised support systems. Universities can enhance performance outcomes and foster comprehensive athlete development by considering physiological, psychological, genetic, and environmental factors. This study enhances comprehension of the complex aspects of endurance performance in university students, offering valuable insights for improving athletic training and support programmes. Coaching recommendations should customise training programmes based on individual athlete requirements, utilising strong intrinsic motivation and mental resilience to create a favourable training atmosphere and enhance performance results. Keywords: Endurance Performance, University Students, Psychological Resilience.  

The problem in this study is the low ability of Long Passing soccer school players Buah Hati. This study aims to see the effect of leg muscle strength, waist flexibility and self-confidence on long passing ability, both directly and indirectly and simultaneously. This type of research is quantitative with a path analysis approach. the sample in this study were all 30 players of Buah Hati Football School. Sample withdrawal using saturated sampling technique. The leg muscle power instrument uses the Vetical Jump Test, waist flexibility using the Sit and reach test, confidence using a Likert scale model questionnaire and long passing ability with the Aerial Pass for Accuaracy test. The results showed that, (1) there is a direct effect of leg muscle power on long passing ability with ρz1 = 0.337 or 11.35%, (2) there is a direct effect of waist flexibility on long passing ability, with ρz2 = 0.458 or 20.97%, (3) there is a direct effect of self-confidence on long passing ability, with ρz3 = 0.225 or 5.06%, (4) there is an indirect effect of leg muscle power on Long Passing ability through self-confidence, with ρz31 = 0.1131 or 11.31%, (5) there is an indirect effect of waist flexibility on Long Passing ability through self-confidence, with ρz32 = 0.0893 or 8.93% and (6) there is an effect of leg muscle power, waist flexibility and self-confidence simultaneously on three point shooting ability, with ρz123 = 0.942 or 94.2%.

This study examines the effectiveness and accuracy of nanotechnology applications in doping detection within the athlete community. Nanotechnology offers a novel approach with potential in detecting doping substances more efficiently and accurately. The method used in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and meta-analysis, with articles selected from the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases covering the years 2020-2024. The selection process employs the PRISMA method and includes only research articles relevant to the topic. A total of 13 studies were selected for further analysis. The meta-analysis results indicate that the Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) methods provide highly accurate and reliable results in doping detection. No significant differences were found between the use of serum and urine as test samples. Additionally, nanocomposite sensors proved to be more effective than regular sensors in detecting doping substances with high accuracy. Key findings from the results include no significant effect distinguishing between the DPV and ELISA methods (Z = 0.53, P = 0.60), no significant heterogeneity among the studies analyzed concerning serum and urine (Chi² = 0.90, df = 2, P = 0.64; Tau² = 0.00), and nanocomposite sensors proving to be more effective than regular sensors (Z = 4.14, P < 0.0001; I² = 0%). In conclusion, nanotechnology has great potential to enhance doping detection in sports. The use of nanomaterials and nanosensors can improve the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in detecting doping substances, making it a highly effective tool for maintaining the integrity and health of athletes. This study provides a strong foundation for the development of more efficient and effective nanotechnology-based doping detection technologies in the future. Keywords: Nanotechnology, doping, sensors, sports, athletes.

Background and Study Aim. Activities carried out for a long time must have a good foundation of VO2max (maximum oxygen volume). Exercise with the right prescription and in no time will increase your VO2max ability. Characteristics of the sport of football which has a long duration of time and a wide field. Based on this, the VO2max ability of football players should be high. The purpose of this study was to see the ability of the maximum oxygen volume of football sports which are conducting training camps in preparation for the provincial sports week. Materials and Methods . This study uses a quantitative approach through survey methods. Where in the research there were tests and measurements to find out the level of VO2max ability. The subjects in this study were the Gabsis football club which was preparing for the provincial sports week (PORPOV). The sampling technique in this study used saturated sampling so that all athletes were sampled, namely 25 soccer athletes. The test instrument used was the yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1. Furthermore, the data obtained in the field was analyzed using descriptive statistics assisted by the Microsoft Excel 2019 application. Results. Based on the research results, the VO2max level is 32% in the below average category. Furthermore, there are 48% in the average category, and 20% in the good category. Based on these findings, the average VO2max ability of soccer athletes is in the sufficient category. Conclusions. The average categorization of Club Gabsis players is still relatively low based on the results of the VO2max ability test. However, it is important to note that the limitations of this study are the players' uncontrolled dietary consumption and their age, both of which must be taken into account by researchers. It can also find information on the impact of athlete nutrition on endurance abilities. Keywords: Physical Condition , VO2max , Football  

 Introduction: The special test is an instrument that is carried out to select prospective students who have motor skills to be able to take part in sports practice lectures at FIK UNP. However, the grades for athletic practice courses were relatively low, leading to the emergence of various assumptions that the special tests carried out in selecting prospective students had little role. This study aims to see the relationship between the results of special tests with the learning outcomes of basic athletic practice for students majoring in coaching  FIK UNP. Materials and methods:  This type of research is quantitative descriptive research with a correlation study. The instruments used to obtain specific test results are the wall pass test, Basket Ball Throw, Standing Broad Jump, and Obstacle Race. Furthermore, on the learning outcomes of athletic practice through learning outcome data. This study was conducted on sports education students at FIK UNP using a Total Sampling sampling technique, with a total of 39 students taking basic athletics courses sampled. In terms of data verification, only 33 students were used for analytical computations. The SPSS version 26 application was used to help with the analysis in this investigation. Results: Based on the results of the special test correlation test with the results of the 100-meter run, it is known that the significance value is 0.000 > 0.05, which means there is a significant relationship. The results of the special test with discus throwing results are known, a significance value of 0.000 > 0.05, so there is a significant relationship between the special test and discus throwing results. Furthermore, special tests with the results of basic athletic results are known to have a significant value of 0.000 > 0.05, so there is a significant relationship between the special tests and the results of basic athletic results in students. Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence that there is a significant relationship between the results of special tests and the learning outcomes of basic athletic practice in FIK UNP students. Where these results have provided a new reference related to the learning outcomes of basic athletic practice. Furthermore, you can find information related to factors that influence the learning outcomes of basic athletic practice in sports students. Keywords:  Special Tests, Practical Learning Results, Basic Athletics, Sports Students

This study is investigating the linguistic features of sports commentary. The focus is the politeness techniques using and gender-specific language variations observed in 2022 FIFA World Cup. This study used qualitative approach. This study was examining the collection of real-time commentary from various matches in 2022 World Cup. The analysis of this study focusses on prominent politeness methods, including softened criticism, neutral descriptions, respectful acknowledgments, and positive reinforcement. It further investigates the effectiveness of these strategies in the specific context of live sports broadcasting. The findings suggest that the use of politeness tactics is important for maintaining the professional users and engaging tone when commenting the match. This study also found that female commentators disposed to use more supportive and cooperative language, emphasizing teamwork and exertion, while male commentators disposed to use more competitive and authoritative language, focusing on individual performance and strategic analysis. These findings consistent with the research on gender communication and emphasize the significance of comprehending special style communication styles in sports commentary. This study branch holds significant importance for both the field of sports broadcasting and the branch of linguistics. The results indicate that commentator training programs should include knowledge of politeness techniques and gender-specific communication styles in order to improve audience involvement and provide a pleasant viewing experience. This work improves the knowledge of language usage in real-time sports commentary, such as dynamic and culturally significant situation in linguistic form. It highlights the significance of language in reflect and reinforce the cultural values and conventions, promoting inclusiveness, and deepening the spectator’s which tie up with the event. Keywords: Live Sports Commentary, Politeness Strategies, Sports Broadcasting.

This study investigates the impact of physical activity on children's physical health, behavior and personality by considering differences in social status in urban and rural environments. Using mixed methods, we combined surveys, observations and psychological measurements to gain in-depth insights. Involving children of different age groups (12-16 years old) from both neighborhoods (urban and rural), this study looked at the level, frequency, and type of physical activity they engaged in. In evaluating physical health, not only physical aspects such as fitness and body mass index were considered, but also factors such as sleep patterns and eating habits. In addition, the children's behavior and personality were also analyzed using tested measurement tools. This study aims to uncover significant differences and patterns that may emerge between urban and rural children in response to physical activity. The findings from this study are expected to provide an in-depth picture of the complex relationship between physical activity, social status and children's well-being. The practical implication of this study is to develop more focused interventions to promote physical activity in both settings, taking into account their social context. This study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that has been published in the Web of Science, Transport Research International Documentation (TRID), Scopus, Medline, and Google Scolar. Data were analyzed using the process of selecting articles used utilizing the PRISMA. By presenting these findings comprehensively, this study contributes to a better understanding of child health efforts in different urban and rural environments. Physical activity interventions were effective in changing behavior and improving personality traits of children in both urban and rural areas. The importance of adaptation of intervention strategies depending on the environmental context recommends further research: Include more variables, consider psychological aspects in more depth, and explore the role of social factors in intervention success. Keywords: Social, Health, Physical Activity, Urban and Rural