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Tracing the Indo-Europeans
Recent developments in aDNA has reshaped our understanding of later European prehistory, and at the same time also opened up for more fruitful collaborations between archaeologists and historical linguists. Two revolutionary genetic studies, published independently in Nature, 2015, showed that prehistoric Europe underwent two successive waves of migration, one from Anatolia consistent with the introduction of agriculture, and a later influx from the Pontic-Caspian steppes which without any reasonable doubt pinpoints the archaeological Yamnaya complex as the cradle of (Core-)Indo-European languages. Now, for the first time, when the preliminaries are clear, it is possible for the fields of genetics, archaeology and historical linguistics to cooperate in a constructive fashion to refine our knowledge of the Indo-European homeland, migrations, society and language. For the historical-comparative linguists, this opens up a wealth of exciting perspectives and new working fields in the intersections between linguistics and neighbouring disciplines, for the archaeologists and geneticists, on the other hand, the linguistic contributions help to endow the material findings with a voice from the past. The present selection of papers illustrate the importance of an open interdisciplinary discussion which will gradually help us in our quest of Tracing the Indo-Europeans.
eBook
Language and prehistory of the Indo-European peoples : a cross-disciplinary perspective
Our knowledge of neolithic and bronze age Europe is growing rapidly, and this book offers a major contribution to our understanding of the language and history of the peoples of that period. The editors have taken a deliberately cross-disciplinary approach, bringing in historical linguists, archaeologists, geneticists, and more to both examine specific questions in the field and to analyze the basic methodology in use. The book is the result of a Scandinavian conference, the first dedicated to this approach to the field.
Book
Dispersals and diversification : linguistic and archaeological perspectives on the early stages of Indo-European
Dispersals and diversification offers a reassessment of some of the pivotal linguistic and archaeological questions concerning the early phases of the disintegration of Proto-Indo-European, including discussions of the methodological approaches involved.
eBook
A note on the Greek Law of Limitation
In Greek the accent can fall on one of the last three syllables of the word if the final syllable contains a short vowel, and on one of the last two syllables if it contains a long vowel or a diphthong. This restriction of the accent is known as the Law of Limitation. According to some authors, a further restriction applies: if the word ends in two consonants, the accent can only fall on one of the last two syllables. For instance, while πολυπῖδαξ ‘of many springs’ is possible, *πολύπῑδαξ is not. However, this additional restriction is not accepted by all authors. While the πολυπῖδαξ type is typically not addressed at all by these authors, a recent proposal has examined this type and suggests that it owes its penultimate accent to analogical pressure from other words with columnar accentuation.
Accepting the morphological explanation of the πολυπῖδαξ type, this study explores the mechanisms leading to columnar accentuation not only in this type, but also in words like χαρίεν ‘charming’ and ἱκέτις ‘supplicant’.
Journal Article
Long-term outcomes of community-based intensive care treatment following neurological early rehabilitation– results of a multicentric German study
Background
Weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV) and tracheal cannula (TC) during neurological early rehabilitation (NER) is mostly successful. However, some patients leave NER with TC/MV, requiring home-based specialized intensive care nursing (HSICN). Data on medical and demographic characteristics and long-term outcomes of these patients are limited.
Methods
A multicentric retrospective observational study across five German NER hospitals collected data from neurological patients with TC/MV at discharge. The study aimed to assess patients’ health status at NER discharge, and to identify predictors of post-discharge survival. Survival rates were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates; further predictors of survival post-discharge were analyzed using Cox regression.
Results
Among 312 patients, the one-year survival rate was 61.9%, decreasing to 38.1% after approximately 4 years. Older age, higher overall morbidity and discharge with MV were associated with an increased likelihood of death, while a longer stay in NER correlated with survival.
Conclusions
Patients requiring HSICN after discharge from NER have a high mortality rate. Identifying survival predictors may help to identify patients at risk, and thus could be integrated into the decision-making process for NER discharge. The high mortality post-discharge warrants an evaluation of the current post-hospital care model. Optimizing therapeutic care in the HSICN setting may have the potential to reduce mortality and neuro-disability, and enhance the quality of life in these neurologically severely affected patients.
Trial registration
The trial
OptiNIV - Retrospective study of post-hospital intensive care in neurological patients
has been retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) since 28.10.2022 with the ID DRKS00030580.
Journal Article
Balto-Slavic Accentual Mobility
Why does the accent jump back and forth in Russian words like golová 'head', acc. gólovu, gen. golový, dat. golové etc.? How come we find similar alternations in other Slavic languages and in a Baltic language like Lithuanian?
The quest for the origin of the so-called \"mobile accent paradigms\" of Baltic and Slavic leads the reader through other Indo-European language branches such as Indo-Iranian, Greek and Germanic, all of which are relevant to the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European accentuation system. After the examination of the evidence for the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European accentuation system, focus is moved to the Baltic and Slavic accentuation systems and their relationship to each other and to Proto-Indo-European.
A comprehensive history of research and numerous bibliographical references to earlier pieces of scholarship throughout the book make it a useful tool for anybody who is interested in Balto-Slavic and Indo-European accentology. Written in a simple style and constantly aiming at presenting old and new opinions on the various problems, the volume may serve as an introduction to this complicated field.
eBook
Proto-Slavic inflectional morphology : a comparative handbook
In this volume, Thomas Olander offers a historical analysis of the inflectional endings of Proto-Slavic, comparing them with the corresponding endings in related languages and reconstructing the Proto-Indo-European point of departure.
eBook
To b or not to b Proto-Indo-European b in a phylogenetic perspective
It is widely recognised that *b is a rare phoneme in the Proto-Indo-European stop system, but there is no agreement as to the reality of the few alleged examples of Proto-Indo-European *b. This paper approaches the problem from a phylogenetic perspective, assuming that Anatolian and Tocharian were the first two subgroups to separate from the rest of the Indo-European language family. From this perspective there is no evidence at all for the existence of Proto-Indo-European *b in initial position. In medial position there are a few possible examples, although none of them can be regarded as certain.
Journal Article
Proto-Indo-European ∗-os in Slavic
Opinions are divided on whether the phonetically regular outcome of pre-Proto-Slavic
∗
-as
(from Proto-Indo-European
∗
-os
) is
-o
or
-ъ
in the attested Slavic dialects. The masc. nom. sg. ending
-e
in the Old Novgorod dialect opens this question up for a renewed discussion. In the present study it is argued that pre-Proto-Slavic
∗
-as
yielded Proto-Slavic
∗
-
which is reflected as
-ъ
in all Slavic dialects except the Old Novgorod dialect where it yielded
-e
. Furthermore it is proposed that pre-Proto-Slavic
∗
-ās
(from Proto-Indo-European
∗
,
∗
) regularly became Proto-Slavic
∗
-
which yielded
-y
in most of the Slavic dialects, but
-ě
in the Old Novgorod dialect.
Journal Article