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Background Research on cancer in wild animals provides important insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Histiocytic sarcomas comprise a rare malignant macrophage-dendritic cell lineage neoplasm in wildlife. This study reports a case of histiocytic sarcoma in the small intestine of a collared peccary ( Pecari tajacu ), describing its clinical, anatomopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects. Case presentation A six-year-old male collared peccary maintained in captivity at a facility in Northeastern Brazil presented progressive weight loss, diarrhea, anorexia, dyspnea, lethargy, abdominal distension, bristled fur, and pale mucous membranes. A complete blood count indicated a mild degree of anemia and moderate leukocytosis. Treatment included anti-inflammatories and antibiotics; however, on the 18th day after initial presentation, the animal was found dead in its enclosure. An anatomopathological examination revealed that the animal exhibited poor body condition, scant body fat with a gelatinous appearance, hydrothorax, pulmonary edema, and ascites. Thickening of the duodenal wall was observed, along with the presence of a yellowish-white tumor. Histopathological examination of the affected intestinal segment revealed a neoplastic proliferation of round cells with large, hyperchromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and a high mitotic index (20 mitoses per high-power field). Numerous multinucleated and binucleated giant cells were present. The neoplastic cells extensively infiltrated all layers of the intestinal wall, from the mucosa to the serosa. Immunohistochemical analysis showed strong positivity for macrophage/mononuclear phagocytic lineage markers (CD18, IBA-1, and lysozyme), while negative for T-cell (CD3), B-cell (CD79), and plasma cell (MUM1) markers. The proliferation index assessed by Ki-67 was approximately 60%. Conclusions The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the diagnosis of intestinal histiocytic sarcoma in a collared peccary, representing the first documented case of this neoplasm in this species.

Considering that neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) causes deleterious effects on fertility, the objective was to evaluate the effect of feeding quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica Linnaeus, 1758) of 90 days old with neem seeds on seminal quality, biometric parameters, and testicular morphometrics, as an experimental model. After the 30 day adaptation period to the experimental conditions, birds were randomly distributed in five treatments of neem seeds incorporated into feed, with 10 replicates: T1 (0%), T2 (5%), T3 (10%), T4 (20%) and T5 (40%). After 60 days of receiving experimental rations, their semen was collected to evaluate the sperm quality, the birds were euthanized, and testes were submitted to biometric, histological, and histomorphometric evaluation. The data were evaluated by analysis of variance and later by Tukey test with a significance level of 5%. The mean values of testicle weight, length, and width significantly decreased in T4 and T5, due degeneration of germinal epithelial cells. In these treatments, it occurred a significant increase (P>0.05) in the average values of the tunica albuginea thickness and a significant reduction in the values of the seminiferous tubule diameter and the height of the germinal epithelium. In addition, the mean values of seminal volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, vigor, and sperm viability were significantly reduced. Thus, the use of neem in bird feeding, as well as the use for therapeutic purposes, is questionable, considering its negative impact on reproduction. RESUMO: Considerando que o neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) causa efeitos deletérios na fertilidade, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da alimentação com sementes de neem sobre a qualidade seminal, parâmetros biométricos e morfometria testicular com codornas (Coturnix coturnix japonica Linnaeus, 1758) com 90 dias de idade, como modelo experimental. Após o período de adaptação de 30 dias às condições experimentais, as aves foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em cinco tratamentos de sementes de neem incorporadas na ração, com 10 repetições: T1 (0%), T2 (5%), T3 (10%), T4 (20%) e T5 (40%). Após 60 dias de receber rações experimentais, seu sêmen foi coletado para avaliar a qualidade espermática, as aves foram sacrificadas e os testículos foram submetidos à avaliação biométrica, histológica e histomorfométrica. Os dados foram avaliados por análise de variância e mais tarde pelo teste de Tukey com um nível de significância de 5%. Os valores médios do peso, comprimento e largura do testículo diminuíram significativamente em T4 e T5, devido à degeneração de células epiteliais germinativas. Nestes tratamentos, ocorreu um aumento significativo (P>0,05) nos valores médios da espessura da túnica albugínea e uma redução significativa nos valores do diâmetro do túbulo seminífero e a altura do epitélio germinal. Além disso, os valores médios do volume seminal, concentração de esperma, motilidade espermática, vigor e viabilidade espermática foram significativamente reduzidos. Assim, o uso de neem na alimentação de aves, bem como o uso para fins terapêuticos, são questionáveis, considerando seu impacto negativo na reprodução.

Botulism is an intoxication caused by the ingestion of neurotoxins secreted by Clostridium botulinum and characterized by progressive flaccid symmetrical paralysis. Among non-ruminant animals, avian species and dogs are the most commonly affected by botulism, while horses and pigs are less-commonly diagnosed with the disease. Despite the importance of this disease in animals, the Brazilian literature only includes case studies and outbreak descriptions. The aim of this study was to review the main features and to provide recent data on the occurrence of botulism in non-ruminants in Brazil. RESUMO: O botulismo é uma intoxicação causada pela ingestão das neurotoxinas secretadas por Clostridium botulinum e caracterizada por uma paralisia flácida simétrica progressiva. Entre os animais não ruminantes, aves e cães são os mais comumente afetados, enquanto equinos e suínos são esporadicamente diagnosticados com a doença. Apesar da reconhecida importância dessa doença nos animais, a literatura brasileira baseia-se apenas em relatos de casos e descrições de surtos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo revisar a ocorrência e principais característicasdo botulismo em animais não ruminantes no Brasil.

Botulism is an intoxication caused by the ingestion of neurotoxins secreted by Clostridium botulinum and characterized by progressive flaccid symmetrical paralysis. Among non-ruminant animals, avian species and dogs are the most commonly affected by botulism, while horses and pigs are less-commonly diagnosed with the disease. Despite the importance of this disease in animals, the Brazilian literature only includes case studies and outbreak descriptions. The aim of this study was to review the main features and to provide recent data on the occurrence of botulism in non-ruminants in Brazil. Key words: flaccid paralysis, Clostridium botulinum, avian, dogs, horses, pigs. O botulismo e uma intoxicacao causada pela ingestao das neurotoxinas secretadas por Clostridium botulinum e caracterizada por uma paralisia flacida simetrica progressiva. Entre os animais nao ruminantes, aves e caes sao os mais comumente afetados, enquanto equinos e suinos sao esporadicamente diagnosticados com a doenca. Apesar da reconhecida importancia dessa doenca nos animais, a literatura brasileira baseia-se apenas em relatos de casos e descricoes de surtos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo revisar a ocorrencia e principais caracteristicasdo botulismo em animais nao ruminantes no Brasil. Palavras-chave: paralisia flacida, Clostridium botulinum, aves, caes, equinos, suinos.