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أوليفر تويست
إنها الرواية الثانية للمؤلف الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز، تدور أحداث القصة حول شخصية (أوليفر تويست)، هذا الطفل الصغير الذي ماتت أمه بعد ولادته مباشرة. لاحظ الطبيب أن الأم لا ترتدي خاتم زفاف فظن أن الطفل من أبناء الزنا. إلا أن هذا الانطباع كان مجرد حكم متسرع على الطفل الصغير حيث من عادة تشارلز ديكنز إحاطة الغموض حول رواياته. أما والده فقد مات بعد ولادته بعدة أشهر.
Book
Meyer Schapiro’s Critical Debates
Described in the New York Times as the greatest art historian America ever produced, Meyer Schapiro was both a close friend to many of the famous artists of his generation and a scholar who engaged in public debate with some of the major intellectuals of his time. This volume synthesizes his prolific career for the first time, demonstrating how Schapiro worked from the nexus of artistic and intellectual practice to confront some of the twentieth century’s most abiding questions.
Schapiro was renowned for pioneering interdisciplinary approaches to interpreting visual art. His lengthy formal analyses in the 1920s, Marxist interpretations in the 1930s, psychoanalytic critiques in the 1950s and 1960s, and semiotic explorations in the 1970s each helped to open new avenues for inquiry. Based on archival research, C. Oliver O’Donnell’s study is structured chronologically around eight defining debates in which Schapiro participated, including his dispute with Isaiah Berlin over the life and writing of Bernard Berenson, Schapiro’s critique of Martin Heidegger’s ekphrastic commentary on Van Gogh, and his confrontation with Claude Lévi-Strauss over the applicability of mathematics to the interpretation of visual art. O’Donnell’s thoughtful analysis of these intellectual exchanges not only traces Schapiro’s philosophical evolution but also relates them to the development of art history as a discipline, to central tensions of artistic modernism, and to modern intellectual history as a whole.
Comprehensive and thought-provoking, this study of Schapiro’s career pieces together the separate strands of his work into one cohesive picture. In doing so, it reveals Schapiro’s substantial impact on the field of art history and on twentieth-century modernism.
eBook
أوليفر تويست
تتناول قصة (أوليفر تويست) والذي قام بتأليفه (تشارلز ديكنز) في حوالي (339) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (القصص الإنجليزية) مستعرضا المحتويات التالية : الفصل 1 ميلاد أوليفر تويست، الفصل 2 نشأة أوليفر، الفصل 3 أوليفر ومنظف المداخن، الفصل 4 أوليفر يعمل لدى حانوتي، الفصل 5 نوا كلايبول، الفصل 6 دودجر الماكر، الفصل 15 ظهور شخصية غامضة، الفصل 16 الطبيب الطيب لوسبيرن، الفصل 17 حياة أوليفر مع عائلة مايلي، الفصل 18 الشخصية الغامضة تعاود الظهور.
Book
Long-term follow-up of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-specific immunity in vaccinated pigs
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
is the primary agent of enzootic pneumonia in pigs. To minimize the economic losses caused by this disease,
M. hyopneumoniae
vaccination is commonly practiced. However, the persistence of
M. hyopneumoniae
vaccine-induced immunity, especially the cell-mediated immunity, till the moment of slaughter has not been investigated yet. Therefore, on two commercial farms, 25 pigs (
n
= 50) received a commercial bacterin intramuscularly at 16 days of age. Each month, the presence of
M. hyopneumoniae
-specific serum antibodies was analyzed and the proliferation of and TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17A production by different T cell subsets in blood was assessed using recall assays. Natural infection with
M. hyopneumoniae
was assumed in both farms. However, the studied pigs remained
M. hyopneumoniae
negative for almost the entire trial. Seroconversion was not observed after vaccination and all pigs became seronegative at two months of age. The kinetics of the T cell subset frequencies was similar on both farms.
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
-specific cytokine-producing CD4
+
CD8
+
T cells were found in blood of pigs from both farms at one month of age but decreased significantly with increasing age. On the other hand, T cell proliferation after in vitro
M. hyopneumoniae
stimulation was observed until the end of the fattening period. Furthermore, differences in humoral and cell-mediated immune responses after
M. hyopneumoniae
vaccination were not seen between pigs with and without maternally derived antibodies. This study documents the long-term
M. hyopneumoniae
vaccine-induced immune responses in fattening pigs under field conditions. Further research is warranted to investigate the influence of a natural infection on these responses.
Journal Article
أوليفر تويست
الكتاب هو الرواية الثانية للمؤلف الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز، تدور أحداث القصة حول شخصية (أوليفر تويست)، هذا الطفل الصغير الذي ماتت أمه بعد ولادته مباشرة، لاحظ الطبيب أن الأم لا ترتدي خاتم زفاف فظن أن الطفل من أبناء الزنا، إلا أن هذا الانطباع كان مجرد حكم متسرع على الطفل الصغير حيث من عادة تشارلز ديكنز إحاطة الغموض حول رواياته، أما والده فقد مات بعد ولادته بعدة أشهر.
Book
Transfer of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-specific cell mediated immunity to neonatal piglets
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
is the primary agent of enzootic pneumonia in pigs. Although cell mediated immunity (CMI) may play a role in protection against
M. hyopneumoniae
, its transfer from sows to their offspring is poorly characterized. Therefore, maternally-derived CMI was studied in piglets from vaccinated and non-vaccinated sows. The potential influence of cross-fostering before colostrum ingestion on the transfer of CMI from dam to piglets was also investigated. Six
M. hyopneumoniae
vaccinated sows from an endemically infected herd and 47 of their piglets, of which 24 piglets were cross-fostered, were included, as well as three non-vaccinated control sows from an
M. hyopneumoniae
-free herd and 24 of their piglets. Vaccinated sows received a commercial bacterin intramuscularly at 6 and 3 weeks prior to farrowing. The TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17A production by different T-cell subsets in blood of sows, colostrum and blood of piglets was assessed using a recall assay. In blood of sows cytokine producing T-cells were increased upon
M. hyopneumoniae
vaccination. Similarly,
M. hyopneumoniae
-specific T-cells were detected in blood of 2-day-old piglets born from these vaccinated sows. In contrast, no
M. hyopneumoniae
-specific cytokine producing T-cells were found in blood of piglets from control sows. No difference was found in
M. hyopneumoniae
-specific CMI between cross-fostered and non-cross-fostered piglets. In conclusion, different
M. hyopneumoniae
-specific T-cell subsets are transferred from the sow to the offspring. Further studies are required to investigate the role of these transferred cells on immune responses in piglets and their potential protective effect against
M. hyopneumoniae
infections.
Journal Article
أوليفر تويست : عربي-إنجليزي
هذا الكتاب يتحدث عن \"أوليفر تويست\" تلك الطفولة البائسة المشردة التي اجتازت اللغات والحدود، فعبرت إلى العقول عبر العالم حاملة إنسانية مشتركة يجيد كتابتها دائما \"تشارلز ديكنز\" أنه الأديب الإنجليز الشهير الغني عن التعريف، الذي طالما عاشت معنا مؤلفاته، ملأت فراغات حياتنا ومشاعرنا وأطلعتنا على ذلك الحزن المشترك بين بني الإنسان، في أوقات عصيبة، وهنا في هذا المقام \"أوليفر تويست\" تأتينا هذه الرائعة التي لا تكف الأيدي عن تلقفها والعيون عن مشاهدتها في كافة صورها المقروءة والمسموعة، في الكتاب والتلفاز وغيرها، جاءتنا في ثوب يجمع بين اللغة الإنجليزية والترجمة العربية، في صفحات متقابلة يقرأها البعض للمتعة، والآخر للتعلم والجميع يشهد لها بأنها حقا \"تحفة\" يزيدها الزمان بهاءا وإشراقا.
Book
Effects of pre-farrowing sow vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on offspring colonisation and lung lesions
This study investigated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae colonisation and lung lesions at slaughter in pigs from vaccinated (V) and non-vaccinated (NV) sows, in two herds (A and B). In each herd, two sow batches were V against M. hyopneumoniae with a commercial bacterin at six and three weeks before farrowing and two sow batches remained NV. From each sow batch, laryngeal swabs were collected from the litters of five primiparous sows at weaning and seven days post-weaning. All samples were tested for M. hyopneumoniae by nested PCR. In total, 488 piglets were sampled. At slaughter, the extent of Mycoplasma-like pneumonia lesions (lung lesion score (LLS)) was assessed. The colonisation rates with M. hyopneumoniae at weaning and seven days post-weaning were (V-A=14.2, NV-A=20.0 (P=0.225); V-B=0.9, NV-B=0.8 (P=0.948)) and (V-A=0.8, NV-A=7.0 (P=0.039); V-B=1.8, NV-B=2.5 (P=0.738)), respectively. The average LLS (in per cent) was V-A=15.5, NV-A=26.4 (P=0.021); V-B=9.7, NV-B=8.4 (P=0.541). In conclusion, in herd A, with a substantially higher level of piglet colonisation at weaning than herd B, offspring from V sows had a significantly lower colonisation rate seven days post-weaning and a significantly lower LLS at slaughter compared with the offspring of the NV sows. This implies that sow vaccination might be useful for control of M. hyopneumoniae infections, although significant results may not be achieved at all times (such as in herd B).
Journal Article
أوليفر تويست
تحكي قصة \"أوليفر تويست\" الطفل الصغير الذي عاش ضحية مجتمعه الفاسد، فكافح المصاعب وتحمل المشقات ولكن القدر كان أقوى منه فأوقعه في أيدي جماعة من اللصوص لتستخدمه في تحقيق أغراضها الشريرة، ولكن الخير أقوى من الشر ولابد لهذا الصغير أن يتحرر وينتصر على المؤتمرات ليستقبل من جديد الحياة بوجه جديد، وإرادة صلبة، ليعيش حرا شريفا.
Book
An Introduction to the Influence of Nutritional Factors on the Pathogenesis of Opportunist Fungal Pathogens in Humans
Fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans are opportunistic pathogens in humans. They usually infect individuals whose immune system is compromised due to either a primary infection, e.g., HIV/AIDS, or as part of treatment for another condition, e.g., stem cell or solid organ transplant. In hosts with a weakened immune system, these fungi can cause life-threatening infections. Unlike true pathogens, opportunistic pathogens do not have specific mechanisms to overcome a healthy host, requiring a different approach to understand how they cause infection. The ability of fungi to adapt to various environmental conditions, including the human host, is critical for virulence. In humans, micronutrient metals, such as iron, are sequestered to reduce serum concentrations, which helps to inhibit microbial growth. Other human tissues may increase metal concentrations to toxic levels to prevent infection by pathogens. The ability of fungi to acquire or detoxify nutrients, such as iron or copper, from the host is essential for the establishment of infection. In this review, the role of fungal nutrition will be discussed in relation to opportunistic fungal pathogens. It will focus on the acquisition of micronutrients, e.g., iron, copper, and zinc, and how this enables these fungi to circumvent host nutritional immunity.
Journal Article