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"Olson, Donald W"
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Monet at the Savoy
Solar geometry is used to accurately date the four paintings of Waterloo Bridge and one painting of Charing Cross Bridge, from Monet's London Series, that have the sun clearly visible within the image. Monet reworked the 'enveloppe' within these images on subsequent days when the sun was in a similar position but did not change the position of the sun. Letters to Monet's wife and contemporary weather data verify the probable dates. This confirms that Monet painted what he saw and that we can cautiously use his London Series as a pictorial 'weather diary' of typical Victorian London fogs. Monet painted these images from the Savoy Hotel during stays in 1900 and/or 1901 and the fifth floor balcony he used has now been located for the first time.
Journal Article
The origin of \Rain, steam, and speed\ by JMW Turner (1775—1851)
Olson and Sinclair discusses the origin of the painting Rain, steam and speed - The Great Western Railway by Joseph Mallord William Turner. Turner first showed this painting at the 1844 Royal Academy exhibition in London. Addressed are these questions: 1) could railroad timetables from the 1840s help to determine the precise moment when Turner was inspired to create this painting?; in addition to meteorological archives, what other evidence might be useful?; and, 3) can we identify the railway bridge in the painting?
Journal Article
Marilynn S. Olson, Donald W. Olson, and Russell L. Doescher on the Blood-Red Sky of Munch's the Scream
Yet Munch's masterpiece (a color reproduction of the painting appears on the cover of this issue) was inspired by a specific worldwide environmental phenomenon, the red skies of 1883-1884, produced when the volcanic Indonesian island of Krakatoa exploded, sending volcanic aerosols into the atmosphere.3 The environmental roots of Munch's most famous creation thus reveal powerful connections between art, nature, and history, all of them intertwined in the shared human experience of a spectacular sky. The correspondents who wrote to Nature and the London Times or contributed to the Royal Society study were part of a process of hypothesizing and testing that included examining the sunsets and sunrises with spectroscopes, and sampling dust in snowfall and rainfall, while wondering whether dust could remain suspended so long in the air.9 They postulated that the Earth had encountered a meteoric cloud in space or that the tail of a gigantic comet had engulfed the Earth.10 The letter writers also made comparisons between the crimson sunsets and the more familiar phenomena of the zodiacal light, aurora borealis, and crepuscular rays.11 On December 8, 1883, J. Norman Lockyer, founding editor of Nature, concluded in a long article to the London Times that although à priori it seems difficult to imagine that a sunset in London in December should owe its coloration to a volcanic eruption which took place many thousand miles away last August, inquiries along several lines based upon the evidence now available really lends great probability to this view.
Journal Article
Perfect Tide, Ideal Moon: An Unappreciated Aspect of Wolfe's Generalship at Québec, 1759
Olson et al discuss the Sep 13, 1759 battle between the French and the English fought on the Plains of Abraham in Quebec, Canada. They agree that it was the exploitation of virtually perfect conditions of moon and tide that helped Major-General James Wolfe win this decisive battle for empire.
Journal Article
GARNET
Olson discusses the industrial trends of garnet. Although garnet has been a popular gemstone since the Bronze Age, its angular fractures, relatively high hardness and specific gravity, chemical inertness and nontoxicity make nonpemstone-prade garnet ideal for many industrial applications. In addition, it is free of crystalline silica and can be recycled. Garnet is the general name given to a group of complex silicate minerals, all with an isometric crystal structure and similar physical properties and chemical compositions. The author explores the mineral's production, prices, consumption, foreign trade, and outlook.
Trade Publication Article
GEMSTONES
Olson discusses the industrial trends of gemstones. According to US Geological Survey (USGS) publications, dining 2021. the value of natural gemstones produced from US deposits was estimated to be $10 million, a slight increase from that of 2020. US natural gemstone production included agate, beryl, coral, diamond, garnet, jade, jasper, opal, pearl, quartz, sapphire, shell, topaz, tourmaline, turquoise and manv other pern materials. The author explores the mineral's consumption, foreign trade, prices and outlook.
Trade Publication Article
INDUSTRIAL DIAMOND
Olson talks about production, consumption, and prices of industrial diamond. According to US Geological Survey (USGS) publications, during 2021, world production of natural and synthetic industrial diamond was estimated to be about 14.7 billion carats, the vast majority of which was synthetic. Natural diamond resources have been identified in more than 35 countries; natural industrial diamond was produced in at least 12 countries. The US remained one of the world's leading consumers of industrial diamond in 2021. Estimated US apparent consumption of natural and synthetic industrial diamond bort, dust and powder, grit, and stones was 335 million carats, valued at $45.7 million. Both natural and synthetic industrial diamonds had prices with a range of values depending on their crystallinity, purity, shape, size, and in the case of synthetic, the absence or presence of metal coatings.
Trade Publication Article