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"Omar, Abeer"
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Validation of student academic advising and counseling evaluation tool among undergraduate nursing students
Background
Academic advising and counseling services support students in achieving their educational outcomes. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of research on academic advising and student-support systems among nursing students. Therefore, the current study aims to develop a student academic advising and counseling survey (SAACS) and measure its validity and reliability.
Methods
Cross-sectional design was used to collect online self-administered data from undergraduate nursing students in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The SAACS is developed based on relevant literature and tested for content and construct validity.
Results
A total of 1,134 students from both sites completed the questionnaire. Students’ mean age was 20.3 ± 1.4, and the majority of them were female (81.9%), single (95.6%), and unemployed (92.3%). The content validity index (CVI) of SAACS overall score (S-CVI) is 0.989, and S-CVI/UA (universal agreement) is 0.944, which indicates excellent content validity. The overall SAACS reliability showed an excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.966 – 0.972).
Conclusions
The SAACS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing students’ experience with academic advising and counseling services and can be utilized to improve those services in nursing school settings.
Journal Article
Perinatal transmission of Lyme disease: A qualitative study investigating the research priorities of patients with Lyme disease in pregnancy
Lyme disease is one of the most prevalent vector-borne disease in North America, yet its implications during pregnancy are poorly understood. Our knowledge of perinatal transmission of Lyme disease is limited due to the lack of robust epidemiological studies and longitudinal follow-up.
This study aimed to understand the research priorities of people who have experienced Lyme disease in pregnancy and the feasibility of recruiting this population for future studies on perinatal transmission of Lyme disease. We also sought to understand the barriers and enablers to participating in research on perinatal transmission of Lyme disease.
We conducted a qualitative study using focus groups and interviews with people who had experienced Lyme disease during pregnancy. English speaking participants were recruited through an online survey. There was no geographic restriction on participation. The focus groups and the interview were recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using interpretive content analysis.
Twenty people participated in four semi-structured focus groups and one semi-structured individual interview. The majority of participants were from North America. Participants' research priorities fell into five categories: transmission, testing, treatment, disease presentation, and education. All study participants expressed interest in future participation in research on Lyme disease in pregnancy and highlighted barriers and enablers to participation that could be addressed to facilitate future study recruitment.
The research priorities identified in this research would be well addressed through prospective research. People who experience Lyme disease in pregnancy are invested in continued research into perinatal transmission of Lyme disease.
Journal Article
Eating behaviors and mental health among celiac patients, case-control study
Background
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder affecting genetically predisposed individuals, causing abnormal immune responses against gluten-containing grains. Celiac disease patients are at risk for health-related problems that affect their nutrition status, mental health and eating behavior. The focus of this study was on mental health aspects, including anxiety, stress and depression as well as eating behaviors among celiac disease patients in Palestine.
Methods
This case–control study compared eating behaviors and psychological status among 226 celiac disease patients and healthy controls. Data was collected using an online questionnaire administrated via Google forms. We used the Eating Behaviors Reference for Adults to assess eating behaviors and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS 21) to assess psychological status. We measured nutritional status using variables such as body mass index (BMI), unintentional weight loss and eating that had stopped or nearly stopped for more than five days.
Results
The study indicated that the case group had a higher mean psychological level as compared to the control group; the mean depression score for the case was 12.94 ± 5.30 for the control (11.35 ± 3.95),
p
< 0.05. Anxiety levels were higher in the case group (13.72 ± 5.38) compared to the control group (12.25 ± 4.09) (
p
< 0.05). The case had a higher stress level (15.83 ± 5.58) than the control group (14.23 ± 4.24) (
p
< 0.05). Results highlighted that mental health association with eating behaviors was found to be significant in the case group, as depression, anxiety and stress were significantly associated with satisfaction responses (r = -.319) (
p
value ≤ 0.01), (r = .439) (
p
value ≤ 0.05) and (r = .381) (
p
value ≤ 0.01) but not in hunger, emotional eating or picky eating. Additionally, with stress was found to be more significant in slow eating (r = .186) (
p
value ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion
Celiac disease impacts mental health, including depression, stress and anxiety. It also affects eating behaviors such as slow eating, enjoyment and satiety responsiveness. In celiac disease patients, mental health influences eating behaviors such as slow eating and satiety responses.
Graphical Abstract
Journal Article
Institutional review boards in Saudi Arabia: the first survey-based report on their functions and operations
Background
Institutional review boards (IRBs) are formally designated to review, approve, and monitor biomedical research. They are responsible for ensuring that researchers comply with the ethical guidelines concerning human research participants. Given that IRBs might face different obstacles that cause delays in their processes or conflicts with investigators, this study aims to report the functions, roles, resources, and review process of IRBs in Saudi Arabia.
Method
This was a cross-sectional self-reported survey conducted from March 2021 to March 2022. The survey was sent to 53 IRB chairpersons and the administration directors (or secretary) across the country through email after receiving verbal consent. The validated survey consisted of eight aspects: (a) organizational aspects, (b) membership and educational training, (c) submission arrangements and materials, (d) minutes, (e) review procedures, (f) communicating a decision, (g) continuing review, and (h) research ethics committee (REC) resources. A total of 200 points indicated optimal IRB functions.
Results
Twenty-six IRBs across Saudi Arabia responded to the survey. Overall, the IRBs in this study scored a total of 150/200 of the points on the self-assessment tool. Relatively newer IRBs (established less than ten years ago) conducted meetings at least once in a month, had annual funding, had more balanced gender representation, tended to score higher than older IRBs. The organizational aspect score was the lowest among all items in the survey (14.3 score difference, p-value < 0.01). The average turnaround time for expedited research from proposal submission to final decision was 7 days, while it was 20.5 days for the full committee review.
Conclusion
Saudi IRBs performed generally well. However, there is room for focused improvement with respect to extra resources and organizational issues that require closer evaluation and guidance from the regulatory bodies.
Journal Article
Exploring Researchers’ Perspectives on Institutional Review Boards Functions in Saudi Arabia: A Survey Utilizing the IRB-RAT Tool
Background
The ethics committee has the responsibility to comply with the rules and guidelines regarding oversight of all human research activities, particularly when the research study involves vulnerable people. It also has the role of educating researchers on ethical issues, scientific truthfulness, preventing misconduct and conflicts of interest. In our study we evaluate and benchmark the function of the local ethical committees across the country from the researchers point-of-view.
Methods
We employed an online IRB-RAT survey to measure perspectives of investigators towards IRB functions dealing with fairness issues, services, bias, and competences and upholding the rights of the human participants. Two responses were recorded: first shows how important an IRB function is for the investigator in his work, second shows how researchers rate their IRBs in being descriptive in that specific function. The difference of these two scores represent the outcome.
Results
We had 179 participants, 166(94%) researchers/research coordinators, and 13(7.2%) IRB members, 94 (53%) participants had been working in the research field for more than 11 years, and the majority 163(90%) revealed that they had IRB contact. The largest gap between actual rating and ideal was observed for the item “An IRB that requires that its chair be an experienced investigator” with a score difference of 1.53. In contrast, the smallest score difference was for the item “Considering the protection of human participants,” which had a score of 0.51.
Conclusion
According’s to researchers point of view; IRBs respect researchers, view human protections as a primary role, do not allow personal bias, maintain accurate records and take timely action whenever misconduct is reported. Further collaborations are needed to enhance IRB performance and to engage researchers in more productive communication with their IRBs.
Journal Article