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"Oostendorp, Marc van"
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Representing Structure in Phonology and Syntax
Formal grammars by definition need two parts: a theory of computation (or derivation), and a theory of representation. While recent attention in mainstream syntactic and phonological theory has been devoted to the former, the papers in this volume aim to show that the importance of representational details is not diminished by the insights of such theories.
eBook
Approaches to metaphony in the languages of Italy
This volume presents current work on a topic in Romance linguistics that still informs linguistic theory to this day: metaphony in the languages of Italy.Papers discuss fundamental research topics such as phonological opacity in the light of chain shifts, post-tonic harmony and consonant transparency, the role of morphosyntax in the typology of.
eBook
The Internal Organization of Phonological Segments
This book contains a number of studies on modern approaches to phonological segment structure. There are three main sections: (i) a general section, concerned with the basic theory of segmental structure, features, and the organization of segmental structure into feature-geometric trees, (ii) the representation and behaviour of nasality, and (iii) the representation and behaviour of the laryngeal features.
eBook
Do writing performance and examination grading correlate in an EMI university setting?
We studied German students’ academic writing skills in English at a Dutch university. Their performances are typical examples of English as a lingua franca (ELF) as these students are non-native users of English evaluated by subject lecturers who are non-native users as well. Our database is a corpus of written answers to an open examination question in the context of an EMI (English Medium Instruction) bachelor in psychology. We aimed to detect those characteristics in this specific type of discourse that may affect the comprehensibility of the students’ answers, which in turn may have consequences for their grading by the course lecturer. English language experts assigned Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) levels and commented on grammar, use of (academic) vocabulary, and text coherence. First, we correlated the grades assigned by the course lecturer and the CEFR levels. There was no correlation. Second, we analyzed the linguistic comments. We found that academic style was poorly present in this type of text. Importantly, we found no proof of communicative blockings or obstacles related to English proficiency levels between the student writer and the lecturer reader. We conclude that informed content interpretation based on contextual appropriateness of the answers overrules grammatical and lexical non-standard characteristics and outweighs the lack of semantic coherence.
Journal Article
Empty morphemes in Dutch dialect atlases: Reducing morphosyntactic variation by refining emptiness typology
In the literature on Dutch morphosyntactic microvariation, it is sometimes assumed that a subpart of Dutch dialects lack certain morphemes, because they have no direct phonetic exponent. More careful analyses, however, suggest that these dialects display so-called zero morphemes, whose presence is argued for either on paradigmatic or phonological ground. In this contribution, we present some examples of such morphemes in the verbal inflection and adjectival concord systems, and develop an analysis that, by exploiting the formal mechanism relating underlying and surface phonological representations provided by Turbidity Theory, allows for the formalization of various degrees of emptiness: morphosyntactic, phonological and phonetic. This, in turn, allows for the shifting of the burden of (some instances of) microvariation from morphosyntax to PF.
Journal Article
Studying in a foreign language: Study performance and experiences of German students at a Dutch university
This article reports on the academic performance and experiences of non-native university students, specifically German students in a Dutch academic environment. These students have a substantial dropout rate. In an earlier study, we found correlations between results on language tests and study results. In this study, we used semi-structured interviews with student advisors, students and teachers to investigate in more detail the role of foreign language proficiency in academic success. We identified three major language-related issues: (1) listening and speaking in discussion groups, (2) writing in examinations and assignments, and (3) the negative impact of language proficiency on grades. The quality and readability of the written assignments was repeatedly highlighted as the core problem. Additionally, we investigated the influence of the use of English as an additional foreign language.
Journal Article
The internal organization of phonological segments
The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon.
eBook
Segmental Structure and Tone
This volume seeks to reevaluate the nature of tone-segment interactions in phonology. The contributions address, among other things, the following basic questions: what tone-segment interactions exist, and how can the facts be incorporated into phonological theory? Are interactions between tones and vowel quality really universally absent? What types of tone-consonant interactions do we find across languages? What is the relation between diachrony and synchrony in relevant processes?
The contributions discuss data from various types of languages where tonal information plays a lexically distinctive role, from 'pure' tone languages to so-called tone accent systems, where the occurrence of contrastive tonal melodies is restricted to stressed syllables. The volume has an empirical emphasis on Franconian dialects in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany, but also discusses languages as diverse as Slovenian, Livonian, Fuzhou Chinese, and Xhosa.
eBook
Morfologische Atlas van de Nederlandse Dialecten
The Morphological Atlas of the Dutch Dialects (MAND presents the morphological formations in the Dutch (and Frisian) dialects at the end of the twentieth century in two volumes.There exists an enormous differentiation of morphological forms in a rather small linguistic area: the area where Netherlandic and Frisian dialects are spoken within the states ofthe Netherlands and Belgium. These dialects differ considerably from Standard Dutch by different word endings, different stem vowels (shortened, lengthened and umlauted vowels) and tonal contrasts. The MAND is based on data acquired in fieldwork from 1979-2000, a collaborative effort of linguists from the Netherlands and Belgium.This second, and last, volume deals with the following subjects: the grades of comparison of adjectives, the possessive pronouns, the personal pronouns subject, personal pronouns object, the endings of the present and past tense of strong and weak verbs, participle prefix, and stem forms of strong verbs.Each chapter has a general section followed by separate explanations for individual maps.There are three types of maps: the larger maps mainly represent suffixal variation; the smaller maps are reserved for tonal contrasts or other details and follow the main maps of each chapter. This volume has also maps on which information is generalized.The maps show also the likeliness of forms with those of Standard Dutch.
eBook