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While there is a long history of state violence toward immigrants in the United States, the essayists in this interdisciplinary collection tackle head-on the impacts of the Trump administration. This volume provides a well-argued look at the Trump era. Insightful contributions delve into the impact of Donald Trump's rhetoric and policies on migrants detained and returned, immigrant children separated from their parents and placed in detention centers, and migrant women subjected to sexual and reproductive abuses, among other timely topics. The chapter authors document a long list in what the book calls \"Trump's Reign of Terror.\" Organized thematically, the book has four sections: The first gathers histories about the Trump years' roots in a longer history of anti-migration; the second includes essays on artistic and activist responses on the border during the Trump years; the third critiques the normalization of Trump's rhetoric and actions in popular media and culture; and the fourth envisions the future. Resistance and Abolition in the Borderlands is an essential reader for those wishing to understand the extent of the damage caused by the Trump era and its impact on Latinx people. Contributors Arturo J. Aldama Rebecca Avalos Cynthia Bejarano Tria Blu Wakpa Renata Carvalho Barreto Karma R. Chávez Leo R. Chavez Jennifer Cullison Jasmin Lilian Diab Allison Glover Jamila Hammami Alexandria Herrera Diana J. Lopez Sergio A. Macías Cinthya Martinez Alexis N. Meza Roberto A. Mónico José Enrique Navarro Jessica Ordaz Eliseo Ortiz Kiara Padilla Leslie Quintanilla J-M Rivera Heidy Sarabia Tina Shull Nishant Upadhyay Maria Vargas Antonio Vásquez

The 1970s was a time of growing government repression, incarceration, and subsequent radical activism across the United States and Mexico. This is reflected in the migration, incarceration, and organizing efforts of José Jacques Medina, a Mexican activist who fled to the United States to escape political persecution after his involvement in the 1968 student movement in Mexico City. After the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) apprehended and incarcerated Medina inside an immigration detention facility in El Centro, California, activists, inspired by radical movements such as the Black Panther Party and the Third World Left more broadly, organized to gain Medina political asylum and avoid deportation. This story of radical transborder organizing highlights the connections between the carceral state and migration, prison movements and migrant rights. It also exposes the increasing power of the detention and deportation regime in the United States as the INS collaborated with federal agencies such as the FBI to repress political dissent and control migration.

This essay examines the events surrounding the 1985 hunger strike at the El Centro Service Processing Center, an immigration detention facility, to interrogate how detainees made claims on the state. The protest illuminated the failures and violence that accompanied the turn to what scholars now call crimmigration, or \"conflation of immigration and criminal justice practices.\" The focus of this article is directed toward the resistance of detained migrants without US citizenship. Since deportation proceedings were civil and not criminal, detained migrants lacked the legal protections that the law was supposed to grant to prisoners. Immigration authorities frequently ignored detainee rights. The author views transnational migrant politics as the emergence of a set of strategies and solidarities used by migrants and immigration advocates to resist and protest state power with the detention and deportation regime. The Central American men who ended up at El Centro had attempted to escape poverty, dictatorships, and civil war, only to experience similar horrors once apprehended, detained, and deported. American policy makers and transnational corporations meddled in the politics, economy, and militaries of Latin American countries, which resulted in political repression and economic strain throughout the region.

The impact of incarceration on the migrants in the federal immigration facility in El Centro, California, which operated from 1945 to 2014, is obscured by limited-access government records that emphasize the efficiency of the non-punitive immigration holding center. Direct observation revealed a restrictive environment, an authoritarian regime, and dehumanizing protocols. These discrepancies led to a search for information on the emotional impact of the facility on migrants incarcerated there. This required the collection of data from alternative sources, including interviews, private collections, photographs, activists' correspondence, journalists' investigations, and Mexican officials' inquiries—an emotive archive.

The impact of incarceration on the migrants in the federal immigration facility in El Centro, California, which operated from 1945 to 2014, is obscured by limited-access government records that emphasize the efficiency of the non-punitive immigration holding center. Direct observation revealed a restrictive environment, an authoritarian regime, and dehumanizing protocols. These discrepancies led to a search for information on the emotional impact of the facility on migrants incarcerated there. This required the collection of data from alternative sources, including interviews, private collections, photographs, activists’ correspondence, journalists’ investigations, and Mexican officials’ inquiries—an emotive archive.

The 1970s was a time of growing government repression, incarceration, and subsequent radical activism across the United States and Mexico. This is reflected in the migration, incarceration, and organizing efforts of José Jacques Medina, a Mexican activist who fled to the United States to escape political persecution after his involvement in the 1968 student movement in Mexico City. After the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) apprehended and incarcerated Medina inside an immigration detention facility in El Centro, California, activists, inspired by radical movements such as the Black Panther Party and the Third World Left more broadly, organized to gain Medina political asylum and avoid deportation. This story of radical transborder organizing highlights the connections between the carceral state and migration, prison movements and migrant rights. It also exposes the increasing power of the detention and deportation regime in the United States as the INS collaborated with federal agencies such as the FBI to repress political dissent and control migration.

The United States incarcerates more people than any other country in the world. This massive carceral system includes the largest infrastructure for migrant detention, comprised of over two hundred service processing centers, privately operated detention facilities, local and state jails, and juvenile detention sites. In 2017, Border Patrol agents apprehended a total of 454,001 noncitizens, held 323,591 migrants at detention facilities, and deported 226,119 people from the United States.¹ Examples of injury, declining health, and death exist at all stages of this immigration industrial complex, which involves prisons, detention facilities, asylum processing centers, external border controls, and interior immigration enforcement.²

“The Rise of Immigration Detention: Labor, Migrant Politics, and Punishment in California’s Imperial Valley, 1945-2014” investigates the history of immigration detention in southern California. I investigate why the detention and deportation regime greatly expanded between 1945 and the present. Juxtaposing detainee testimonies with state documents, I examine why immigration officials came to house increasing numbers of deportable non-citizens inside detention facilities and how detention became a privatized and profitable business. This study focuses on the El Centro Immigration Detention facility, located in the Imperial Valley, to trace how and why detention became a central part of the states strategy for controlling irregular migration. This dissertation exposes the various functions of immigration detention. This includes: to punish, instruct, discipline, extract labor, and to deter future illegal migration. In exploring migrant politics—how non-citizens challenged their incarceration by participating in hunger strikes, protests and lawsuits—this dissertation centers politics from the bottom up. I argue that the detention center was a contested space between local INS officers and detainees. My findings show that detained migrants made claims on the state, organized collectively, and engendered an alternative form of social citizenship based on a sense of solidarity. The history of immigrant detention in the Imperial Valley highlights the connections among immigration law enforcement, racial capitalism, and the carceral system.

As the field standard for journalists, the Associated Press Stylebook plays a major role in fixing the parameters of political debate and imagination. Consider that the most recent edition included contextual entries as long as a paragraph for the Islamist terror groups Al Qaeda, Islamic State, and the Muslim Brotherhood, but no entries for the white power terror groups Ku Klux Klan or neo-Nazis. White power activists have carried out an overwhelming majority of domestic terror fatalities and attacks in recent years, and the Department of Homeland Security now considers these the largest terrorist threat to the United States—outstripping