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"Ordway, Jerry"
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Variation for heterodimerization and nuclear localization among known and novel oil palm SHELL alleles
• Oil palm breeding involves crossing dura and pisifera palms to produce tenera progeny with greatly improved oil yield. Oil yield is controlled by variant alleles of a type II MADS-box gene, SHELL, that impact the presence and thickness of the endocarp, or shell, surrounding the fruit kernel.
• We identified six novel SHELL alleles in noncommercial African germplasm populations from the Malaysian Palm Oil Board. These populations provide extensive diversity to harness genetic, mechanistic and phenotypic variation associated with oil yield in a globally critical crop. We investigated phenotypes in heteroallelic combinations, as well as SHELL heterodimerization and subcellular localization by yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and gene expression analyses.
• Four novel SHELL alleles were associated with fruit form phenotype. Candidate heterodimerization partners were identified, and interactions with EgSEP3 and subcellular localization were SHELL allele-specific.
• Our findings reveal allele-specific mechanisms by which variant SHELL alleles impact yield, as well as speculative insights into the potential role of SHELL in single-gene oil yield heterosis. Future field trials for combinability and introgression may further optimize yield and improve sustainability.
Journal Article
A genetic platform for predicting and reducing non-tenera contamination in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seed supply
Optimal oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) crop yields rely on the purity of the tenera fruit form. The high yielding hybrid tenera fruit form is the consequence of heterozygosity for one of nine genetic variants within the SHELL gene. High-throughput genotyping allows cost-efficient screening prior to planting to decrease unintentional non-tenera palm cultivation. We present a paradigm for dramatically reducing non-tenera cultivation by SHELL genotyping a ~ 10% sampling of seeds per seed production fruit bunch. Identification and seed supply chain removal of bunches above a predetermined non-tenera threshold represent a new paradigm for applying SHELL genetic testing in the industry. In a demonstration involving 121,896 embryos from 1304 independent dura x pisifera controlled crosses from two independent seed production units, we found that 38.4% of bunches achieved a 100% pure tenera prediction rate. The remaining bunches (61.6%) had predicted non-tenera contamination ranging from 1.0 to 89.6%, with an overall average of 3.32% seeds per bunch. SHELL genotyping of expected tenera embryos identified rare aneuploid embryos, confirmed by whole genome sequencing-based heterozygosity and copy number analyses.
Journal Article
