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Reading comprehension is a highly demanding task that involves the simultaneous process of extracting and constructing meaning in which working memory's executive processes play a crucial role. In this article, a training program on working memory's executive processes to improve reading comprehension is presented and empirically tested in two experiments with third-grade primary school students. Experiment 1 showed a greater gain after training the experimental group in contrast to the control group in reading comprehension and intelligence. In experiment 2, we focused on the training processes and compared training results of high and low pretest reading comprehension groups. Results confirmed the increase in reading comprehension, intelligence, and executive processes and showed that the low group reached a greater gain in reading comprehension after training than the high group did. The results of these experiments and their limitations are discussed in the context of recent theories on the role of executive processes in reading comprehension and the possibility of training working memory and intelligence.

Las investigaciones realizadas durante los últimos años parecen constatar: (a) un mejor desarrollo intelectual y mejor adaptación socioemocional en niños adoptados si se les compara con lo niños no entregados en adopción y que fueron criados por uno de sus padres biológicos en el mismo ambiente original y (b) un peor desarrollo intelectual y socioemocional si se compara a los niños adoptados con niños criados por sus dos padres biológicos en un ambiente de un nivel socioeconomico similar al de los padres adoptivos