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And the Virus Rages on: “Contingent” and “Essential” Workers in the Time of COVID-19
“It affects your nerves, your mental state, your way of thinking—because you have to be cautious in everything you do now,” Rosie said. “It's like I'm risking my life for a dollar. It's twisted.” Rosie is an Amazon worker in New York City. She made these comments during the summer of 2020 after learning that a colleague in his twenties had recently died of COVID-19.
Journal Article
The War on Poverty
Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty has long been portrayed as the most potent symbol of all that is wrong with big government. Conservatives deride the War on Poverty for corruption and the creation of \"poverty pimps,\" and even liberals carefully distance themselves from it. Examining the long War on Poverty from the 1960s onward, this book makes a controversial argument that the programs were in many ways a success, reducing poverty rates and weaving a social safety net that has proven as enduring as programs that came out of the New Deal.
The War on Poverty also transformed American politics from the grass roots up, mobilizing poor people across the nation. Blacks in crumbling cities, rural whites in Appalachia, Cherokees in Oklahoma, Puerto Ricans in the Bronx, migrant Mexican farmworkers, and Chinese immigrants from New York to California built social programs based on Johnson's vision of a greater, more just society. Contributors to this volume chronicle these vibrant and largely unknown histories while not shying away from the flaws and failings of the movement-including inadequate funding, co-optation by local political elites, and blindness to the reality that mothers and their children made up most of the poor.
In the twenty-first century, when one in seven Americans receives food stamps and community health centers are the largest primary care system in the nation, the War on Poverty is as relevant as ever. This book helps us to understand the turbulent era out of which it emerged and why it remains so controversial to this day.
eBook
“The Long Progressive Era”: A Roundtable on After the Vote: Feminist Politics in La Guardia’s New York by Elisabeth Israels Perry
In a series of Zoom calls that evolved into what one of us called “an advanced seminar on the Long Progressive Era,” we were glad to be historians, teaching and learning together, as American democracy weathered challenges not seen since the mid-nineteenth century and a global pandemic reminded us of our place on a shrinking planet. In case after case, Perry’s evidence in After the Vote demonstrates that the women who joined La Guardia’s administration brought talents developed decades earlier—in the admission of women to the city’s law schools, in work on labor-related commissions, and in the prominence of women’s activism in defense of African American civil rights. Perkins was already working closely with Kelley as executive secretary of the New York Consumers League in 1911, when she witnessed the death of more than a hundred garment workers, most of whom were young women, in the Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire. In 1919, the state legislature created an industrial commission to administer and enforce safety rules, and Governor Al Smith appointed her as one of three commissioners, her responsibility being to supervise the bureau of statistics and information and the bureau of mediation and arbitration.
Journal Article
FEMINISM AND THE LABOR MOVEMENT: A Century of Collaboration and Conflict
Over the next three years, the New York FIC, and sister organizations in the other industrial states, pushed through a dramatically expanded regulatory structure for factory labor - including laws that empowered state commissioners of labor, banned the labor of children under the age of fourteen, and required inspection of elevators and fireproof devices.5 During World War I, this collaboration between middle-class feminists, women labor activists, and Democratic Party politicians resulted in the founding of a Women in Industry Service to monitor conditions of women working on defense contracts. In the 1990s, Mexicana farm workers of Líderes Campesinas investigated the impact of pesticides on pregnancy and highlighted sexual harassment as well as the continued low wages paid for work in California's fields.24 Worker centers - like the Garment Worker Center in Los Angeles and many others - are linking feminism, immigrant rights, and worker justice on a daily basis in working-class communities.25 A century ago, the Triangle Fire horrified New York City and the nation as a whole, forcing the labor movement, feminists, and political reformers to more systematically address the murderous conditions facing American workers.
Journal Article
Working Women, “Welfare Moms,” and Struggles for Subsistence in the Twentieth Century
From 2012 on, women of color built a living‐wage movement, which swept the country and the world. This chapter treats wage‐earning women and welfare mothers as part of the same history – of poor women's struggles for subsistence, dignity, and recognition in paid workplaces and in city, state, and federal offices, where they applied for cash aid, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance, rent subsidies, Medicaid, and Pell Grants to advance their education. The history of wage‐earning women remains one of the richest subfields in US women's history. When gendered histories of welfare are read alongside the literature on work, their significance for American history writ large is enormous. The chapter aims at sketching the interlaced history and topography of these fields in order to emphasize some of their most important contributions and to generate ideas for the work ahead.
Book Chapter