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Rapid canine distalization through periodontal ligament distraction is an efficient method to shorten the treatment duration in premolar extraction cases. After distalization phase, skeletal anchorage systems can be used during the retraction of the incisors in patients required maximum anchorage. A 37 years old female patient with convex profile and prominent lips referred to our clinic for orthodontic treatment. The chief complaints were her unaesthetic facial appearance, and difficulties in closing her lips and pronunciation of some words. To retract the protruded incisors, extraction of the mandibular first premolars, and using the space of the previously extracted maxillary right second premolar and left first premolar was planned. In order to shorten the duration of treatment, rapid tooth distalization through the periodontal distraction was used and to provide maximum anchorage control skeletal anchors were preferred. At the end of the orthodontic treatment that lasted for 11 months, prominence of the upper and lower lips, and the convex profile were corrected through the retrusion of incisors and the patient acquired a more youthful appearance.

Osteomas of the mandibular condyle are rare. An unusual case of an osteoma occurring in the mandibular condyle of a 22-year-old man with mandibular deviation and malocclusion is reported; this represents the 14th documented case in the English language literature. The tumor was resected with condylectomy. Postoperatively, mandibular deviation was minimized.

Gingival fibromatosis represents the fibrous hyperplasia of the gingival tissue. Clinical examination reveals enlargement of buccal and palatal gingival tissue. Many forms of gingival fibromatosis are of unknown etiology and termed as idiopathic gingival fibromatosis. However, several authors use various terms such as gingivomatosis and elephantiasis to describe these lesions. Our aim in this case report is to present five patients (one female, four males) with unusual clinical forms of gingival hyperplasia and to discuss the histopathological and clinical features in comparison to similar enlargements. Clinical examinations did not reveal increased periodontal pocket depths, besides plaque and gingival index scores were found to be in normal range. All of the patients were systemically healthy and were not subject to medications, which could lead to gingival hyperplasia. Additionally, clinical appearance of the lesions did not show any signs of trauma. Excisional biopsies were performed in all cases. The pathological examinations of the specimens demonstrated fibroconnective tissue characteristics, which were in accordance with the clinical appearance of all patients. Lesions healed successfully without sequelae or infection, and no recurrence was observed after 1-year follow-up.

Osteochondromas rarely affect the mandibular condyle. An unusual case of an osteochondroma occurring in the left mandibular condyle in a 40-year-old man who presented with mandibular deviation and malocclusion is reported; this represents the 37th documented case in the English-language literature. The tumor was resected through condylectomy. Four-year follow-up assessments revealed satisfactory function and occlusion, without evidence of recurrence of the tumor.

The purpose of this study was to review retrospectively the outcomes for 157 patients treated for maxillofacial fractures between 1994 and 1999 at one military hospital in Turkey. Significant data were collected according to age, gender, time of injury, type of facial injuries, cause of injury, treatment methods, and postinjury and postoperative complications. Fractures resulting from gunshot wounds were excluded in this study. Fractures were examined in two groups according to the type of fracture, i.e., isolated or combined. Methods of fixation with closed or open reduction were used to treat the fractures. Fixation was performed with miniplates, compression plates, microplates, reconstruction plates, and wires for open reduction, and stabilization was performed with arch bars for closed reduction. Complications were recorded in two groups, i.e., postinjury and postoperative complications. There were 151 male patients (96.18%) and 6 female patients (3.82%). The patients ranged in age from 15 to 62 years (mean, 22.8 years). In our study, it was determined that the most significant causes of maxillofacial fractures were traffic accidents (69 cases, 43.95%) and fighting (42 cases, 26.75%). Most fractures were in the mandible (161 fractures). It was observed that most of the mandibular fractures were in the body (49 fractures, 30.43%) and condylar (42 fractures, 26.09%) regions. Of the 223 maxillofacial fractures, 63.68% (142 fractures) were treated with closed reduction and 36.32% (81 fractures) were treated with open reduction. Postinjury complications included infections (local infection or osteomyelitis), nerve injuries (alveolaris inferior, facial, lingual, and infraorbital nerves), and a salivary gland fistula, and postoperative complications included infection, facial asymmetry, and malocclusion.

Objectives The protection of microcircular support which is essential for healing gains importance if implant surgery is considered to affect the blood flow. The aim of the study is to establish the artery territories supplying the blood into the oral mucosa in the cadavers and to demonstrate the mucosal delivery pattern and to evaluate the effects of different incision types on the healing in the patients having the implant application. Materials and methods The study was planned in two stages as cadaver and clinical investigations. In cadaver investigation, all intra oral vascular territories were shown in ten specimens. The arterial structure and mucosal vascularity of the area were assessed microscopically and macroscopically. With the obtained data, the clinic results were established by making the crestal incision only for Group 1 ( n  = 30); both crestal and vertical releasing incisions for Group 2 ( n  = 30) were planned. Results The results were established anatomically and clinically. In all cases, vascular territories of the mucosa in the maxilla and mandible were evaluated. In stereo microscopic assessment, although vestibule and oral mucosa had rich anastomoses, the crestal line had avascular features. There was no complication in the soft tissues of the cases, performed the vertical releasing incision during the healing period after 8-week follow-up. Conclusion The vascular richness of the oral mucosal area enables the sufficient healing in the areas of applied flap. According to the alveolar anatomical pattern and the amount of the soft tissue over it, the incisions may be applied horizontally and/or vertically.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries in military recruits and to assess the relation of dental caries with socioeconomic and demographic factors, and sugar consumption behavior, and to generalize the findings for the young adult male population to draw a picture of dental health status of this population segment in Turkey. In this cross-sectional study conducted between August and October 2000 in a military basic training center in Turkey, 2,766 male recruits of the age of 20 were examined by dental specialists to determine their mean number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) scores and were administered a questionnaire for capturing their demographic characteristics and sugar consumption behavior. The mean DMFT score for the 20-year-old male population in Turkey was found to be 5.97. DMFT scores were weakly correlated with income level and urbanization. Sugar consumption was strongly correlated with DMFT scores. The mean number of teeth with fillings component was strongly correlated with income level, moderately with the subject's education, and weakly with the mother's education, father's education, and urbanization. DMFT scores for the young adult male population in Turkey were strongly associated with sugar consumption behavior, whereas they were weakly or not at all associated with demographic factors such as education level, income level, and urbanization.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is characterized by the formation of bony or fibrous mass, which replaces the normal articulation and limitation of mouth opening. This study aims to determine the efficacy of arthroplasty and interpositional fascia flap in the treatment of unilateral and bilateral TMJ ankylosis in three young adult men. Our operative protocol for unilateral and bilateral TMJ ankylosis entailed resection of ankylotic mass, intraoral ipsilateral and bilateral arthroplasty, interpositional tissue transfer to the TMJ with temporalis superficial fascia flap, maxillomandibular fixation, and early mobilization and aggressive physiotherapy. Early postoperative initial exercise, physiotherapy, and strict follow-up play an important role in preventing postoperative adhesions. The temporalis superficial facia flap is an autogenous graft that has the advantages of close proximity to the TMJ minimal surgical morbidity, and successful clinical results. It was found to be a valuable option for TMJ ankylosis reconstruction.

Posteriyor bölge tek diş eksikliklerinin restorasyonlarýnda implant uygulamaları, son yıllarda oldukça sık kullanılan bir tedavi seçeneği olmuştur. Sunulan olguda, ortodontik tedavi ile alt birinci büyük azı dişinin erken kaybına bağlı olarak meziyalize olmuş ve devrilmiş ikinci büyük azı dişi düzeltilmiş ve distale itilmiştir. Eksik olan diş bölgesine iki adet implant yerleştirilerek, protetik restorasyon uygulanmıştır. İkili implant uygulaması, çiğneme sırasında posteriyor bölgede meydana gelen oklüzal yükü azaltarak, kemik rezorbsiyonunu önlemek ve protetik restorasyonun stabilitesini artırmak için tercih edilmiştir. Multidisciplinary approach in the single tooth implant application: a case report Implant application has been a frequently used treatment modality in the restoration of the missing single tooth at posterior region. In the presented case, second molar that was tipped and mesialized due to the early loss of the lower first molar was uprighted and distalized with orthodontic treatment. Prosthetic restoration was performed by the placement of two implants to the region of missing tooth. The use of two implants was preferred to prevent the bone resorption and to increase the stability of the prosthetic restoration by reducing the occlusal overload at the posterior region, during chewing.

Implant application has been a frequently used treatment modality in the restoration of the missing single tooth at posterior region. In the presented case, second molar that was tipped and mesialized due to the early loss of the lower first molar was uprighted and distalized with orthodontic treatment. Prosthetic restoration was performed by the placement of two implants to the region of missing tooth. The use of two implants was preferred to prevent the bone resorption and to increase the stability of the prosthetic restoration by reducing the occlusal overload at the posterior region, during chewing.