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Se evaluó la actividad antifúngica del aceite esencial de limón de cerca (Swinglea glutinosa) sobre el hongo Colletotrichum sp. aislado de frutos de mango (Mangifera indica L). El aceite esencial, se obtuvo por hidrodestilación de hojas y corteza del fruto, y mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas se determinó la fitoquímica. Se identificaron presuntivamente 41 metabolitos secundarios, siendo los compuestos mayoritarios β–pineno (31.3 %), α–pineno (15.1%) y germacreno D (14.4 %). El aceite esencial inhibió el crecimiento del hongo en un 31.16 %, 52.77 % y 82.41 % en ensayo de dilución en agar, a las concentraciones de 0.3, 1 y 2 % respectivamente, con diferencias entre todos los tratamientos evaluados (p=0.000). En ensayo de dilución en caldo se registró inhibición de la germinación de esporas de 0, 19.47, 41.03 y 100 % (p=0.000) a concentraciones de 0, 2, 4 y 8 µL/mL. Adicionalmente, en ensayo de microatmósfera se presentó una inhibición de máxima de 22,97 % del crecimiento micelial con adición de 20 µL de aceite esencial por caja de Petri (p=0.000). Este trabajo encontró que el aceite esencial de S. glutinosa ejerce inhibición dosis-dependiente sobre el crecimiento micelial y la germinación de esporas de Colletotrichum sp.

The contribution of vegetables to food security and economic development in Colombia, as well as to environmental problems worldwide, justifies the interest to design sustainable production strategies for the agro-chain. This study was developed to evaluate the effect of the application of essential oils and agricultural inputs in chili peppers, beans and eggplants in Codazzi, Cesar, Colombia. The methodology included the compatibility analysis between pesticides used in these vegetables, and Lippia alba and Cymbopogon citratus oils in relation to their biocidal effect in vitro on native strains of Macrophomina phaseolina, Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Applications of thiabendazole in an individual basis and combined with oils were carried out in the field. Physicochemical and microbiological indicators of soil, pests and diseases incidence and crop yield were measured. Oils controlled up to 97% of plant pathogens in vitro and exhibited compatibility with carbendazim and thiabendazole. In the field, up to 67 % of disease control was observed with C. citratus + thiabendazole compared to the control (p = 0.00), yields were close to the regional average, and better microbiological and physicochemical soil conditions were observed. In conclusion, there are differences in the edaphic effect between treatments, as the agrochemical and the oil combinations were more favorable than the individual effect of each product on the variables evaluated. The above exhorts to continue soil evaluations with oils to elucidate the duration of the described effects.

El sector de plantas aromáticas, medicinales y condimentarias reúne una amplia variedad de especies nativas e introducidas con potencial agroindustrial. Para contribuir al diagnóstico tecnológico del sector en Colombia y brindar elementos de planificación estratégica hacia mejores niveles de desarrollo e internacionalización, se priorizaron ciertas especies aromáticas en este artículo y se planteó una vigilancia tecnología del 2004 al 2014. Se hizo una búsqueda de artículos científicos y patentes en ocho bases de datos en el ámbito nacional, iberoamericano y mundial según temáticas priorizadas. Los datos se procesaron mediante Microsoft Excel, EndNote, Vantage Point (2014) y Thomson Data Analyzer. A nivel nacional, la temática más registrada fue el Abstract The sector of aromatic, medicinal and seasoning herbs brings together a wide variety of native and introduced species with agroindustrial potential. In order to contribute to the technological assessment of the sector in Colombia and provide elements of strategic planning towards higher levels of development and internationalization. We prioritized certain aromatic species in this article and a technological surveillance was made during 2004- 2014. A searching scientific articles and patents was made in eight national, iberoamericanand worldwide databases according prioritized issues. Data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel, EndNote, Vantage Point (2014) Thomson Data Analyzer programs. At National level, the planting material material de siembra y el mejoramiento genético, mientras que en Iberoamérica y el mundo, fue el efecto biocida. Los países líderes en investigaciones sobre las aromáticas vigiladas fueron Brasil, Colombia y Cuba. A nivel internacional, los líderes en producción científica en PubMed y Scopus fueron India, EE. UU., Brasil y Colombia. La tendencia mundial de patentes es creciente, y su principal enfoque es “Necesidades corrientes de la vida”. En conclusión, la vigilancia tecnológica ofreció una visión global de avances y tendencias en investigación y desarrollo tecnológico en áreas temáticas vinculadas con las plantas aromáticas. Además, se identificaron posibles aliados investigativos y fluctuación de la producción científica a través del tiempo.

El aporte de las hortalizas a la seguridad alimentaria y desarrollo económico de Colombia y la problemática ambiental mundial, justifica el interés de diseñar estrategias productivas sostenibles para la agrocadena. Se desarrolló un estudio para evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de aceites esenciales y agroinsumos en cultivos de ají, fríjol y berenjena en Codazzi, Cesar. La metodología comprendió el análisis de compatibilidad entre pesticidas utilizados en estas hortalizas, aceites de Lippia alba y Cymbopogon citratus, respecto al efecto biocida in vitro sobre cepas nativas de Macrophomina phaseolina, Phytophthora capsici y Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. En campo, se aplicó tiabendazol individual y combinado con los aceites. Se midieron indicadores fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos de suelo, incidencia de plagas y enfermedades y rendimiento de cultivos. Los aceites controlaron in vitro hasta el 97 % de fitopatógenos y exhibieron compatibilidad con carbendazim y tiabendazol. En campo, se observó control de enfermedades hasta del 67 % con C. citratus + tiabendazol respecto al testigo (P=0,00), rendimientos cercanos al promedio regional, mejores condiciones microbiológicas y fisicoquímicas del suelo. En conclusión, existen diferencias en el efecto edáfico entre tratamientos, fue más favorable la combinación de aceites y el agroquímico respecto al efecto individual de cada producto sobre las variables evaluadas. Lo anterior exhorta a continuar evaluaciones en campo con aceites para elucidar la duración de los efectos descritos.

Dental plaque is a complex environment that maintains a balance with certain microbial communities; however, this microhabitat can be disturbed by some endogenous species causing disease. An exploratory systematic review was carried out using the PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, and Science Direct databases, identifying that the thymol, menthol, and eucalyptol compounds present varying antimicrobial activity, intra- and interspecies discordance, and a strong antimicrobial intensity on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Streptococcus mutans, indicating that these phytochemicals can be considered broad-spectrum antimicrobial substances, with an effect on microorganisms linked to oral diseases.

Recovery of belowground microbial biodiversity is important for soil restoration after mining exploitation. We aimed to compare microbial communities of a mine rehabilitation site to those with native vegetation. Community structure and metabolic potential of soil microbial communities were analyzed in an inactive open-pit coal mine located in northeastern Colombia using GeoChip and high-throughput sequencing techniques. Sites included (1) a spoil dump closed in 2010 with a mix of mesquite trees and native vegetation, and (2) a native dry forest next to the mining area. Most samples had an alkaline pH, high sulfur, zinc, and magnesium contents, and high cation exchange capacity as well as low calcium content. A total of 61,384 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and 402 Eukarya ASVs were obtained. Overall, the most abundant bacterial/archaeal phyla (0.1%) were Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chlorolexi. The fungal genus Cladosporium dominated all treatments, while Volutella was observed only in the inactive dump. Bacterial alpha diversity was surprisingly higher in the inactive spoil dump than in the forest, while fungal alpha diversity was similar between that treatment and the native dry forest. Fungal genera might be more sensitive to the different treatments, as their abundances were highly influenced by their location compared to bacterial genera. There were no significant differences regarding the metabolic potential of bacterial communities. The GeoChip 5.0S analysis showed that the native dry forest had a higher number of genes related to C, N, P, and Z cycles, metal homeostasis, and organic remediation.

Alternaria brassicicola is a seed-borne pathogen that causes black spot disease in Brassica crops, yet the seed defense mechanisms against this fungus remain poorly understood. Building upon recent reports that highlighted the involvement of indole pathways in seeds infected by Alternaria, this study provides transcriptomic resources to further elucidate the role of these metabolic pathways during the interaction between seeds and fungal pathogens. Using RNA sequencing, we examined the gene expression of glucosinolate-deficient mutant lines (cyp79B2/cyp79B3 and qko) and a camalexin-deficient line (pad3), generating a dataset from 14 samples. These samples were inoculated with Alternaria or water, and collected at 3, 6, and 10 days after sowing to extract total RNA. Sequencing was performed using DNBseq™ technology, followed by bioinformatics analyses with tools such as FastQC (version 0.11.9), multiQC (version 1.13), Venny (version 2.0), Salmon software (version 0.14.1), and R packages DESeq2 (version 1.36.0), ClusterProfiler (version 4.12.6) and ggplot2 (version 3.4.0). By providing this valuable dataset, we aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of seed defense mechanisms against Alternaria, leveraging RNA-seq for various analyses, including differential gene expression and co-expression correlation. This work serves as a foundation for a more comprehensive grasp of the interactions during seed infection and highlights potential targets for enhancing crop protection and management.

The transmission of seed-borne pathogens by the germinating seed is responsible for major crop diseases. The immune responses of the seed facing biotic invaders are poorly documented so far. The Arabidopsis thaliana/Alternaria brassicicola patho-system was used to describe at the transcription level the responses of germinating seeds and young seedling stages to infection by the necrotrophic fungus. RNA-seq analyses of healthy versus inoculated seeds at 3 days after sowing (DAS), stage of radicle emergence, and at 6 and 10 DAS, two stages of seedling establishment, identified thousands of differentially expressed genes by Alternaria infection. Response to hypoxia, ethylene and indole pathways were found to be induced by Alternaria in the germinating seeds. However, surprisingly, the defense responses, namely the salicylic acid (SA) pathway, the response to reactive oxygen species (ROS), the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and programmed cell death, were found to be strongly induced only during the latter post-germination stages. We propose that this non-canonical immune response in early germinating seeds compared to early seedling establishment was potentially due to the seed-to-seedling transition phase. Phenotypic analyses of about 14 mutants altered in the main defense pathways illustrated these specific defense responses. The unexpected germination deficiency and insensitivity to Alternaria in the glucosinolate deficient mutants allow hypothesis of a trade-off between seed germination, necrosis induction and Alternaria transmission to the seedling. The imbalance of the SA and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways to the detriment of the JA also illustrated a non-canonical immune response at the first stages of the seedling.

The contribution of vegetables to food security and economic development in Colombia, as well as to environmental problems worldwide, justifies the interest to design sustainable production strategies for the agro-chain. This study was developed to evaluate the effect of the application of essential oils and agricultural inputs in chili peppers, beans and eggplants in Codazzi, Cesar, Colombia. The methodology included the compatibility analysis between pesticides used in these vegetables, and Lippia alba and Cymbopogon citratus oils in relation to their biocidal effect in vitro on native strains of Macrophomina phaseolina, Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Applications of thiabendazole in an individual basis and combined with oils were carried out in the field. Physicochemical and microbiological indicators of soil, pests and diseases incidence and crop yield were measured. Oils controlled up to 97% of plant pathogens in vitro and exhibited compatibility with carbendazim and thiabendazole. In the field, up to 67 % of disease control was observed with C. citratus + thiabendazole compared to the control (p = 0.00), yields were close to the regional average, and better microbiological and physicochemical soil conditions were observed. In conclusion, there are differences in the edaphic effect between treatments, as the agrochemical and the oil combinations were more favorable than the individual effect of each product on the variables evaluated. The above exhorts to continue soil evaluations with oils to elucidate the duration of the described effects. El aporte de las hortalizas a la seguridad alimentaria y desarrollo económico de Colombia y la problemática ambiental mundial, justifica el interés de diseñar estrategias productivas sostenibles para la agrocadena. Se desarrolló un estudio para evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de aceites esenciales y agroinsumos en cultivos de ají, fríjol y berenjena en Codazzi, Cesar. La metodología comprendió el análisis de compatibilidad entre pesticidas utilizados en estas hortalizas, aceites de Lippia alba y Cymbopogon citratus, respecto al efecto biocida in vitro sobre cepas nativas de Macrophomina phaseolina, Phytophthora capsici y Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. En campo, se aplicó tiabendazol individual y combinado con los aceites. Se midieron indicadores fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos de suelo, incidencia de plagas y enfermedades y rendimiento de cultivos. Los aceites controlaron in vitro hasta el 97 % de fitopatógenos y exhibieron compatibilidad con carbendazim y tiabendazol. En campo, se observó control de enfermedades hasta del 67 % con C. citratus + tiabendazol respecto al testigo (P=0,00), rendimientos cercanos al promedio regional, mejores condiciones microbiológicas y fisicoquímicas del suelo. En conclusión, existen diferencias en el efecto edáfico entre tratamientos, fue más favorable la combinación de aceites y el agroquímico respecto al efecto individual de cada producto sobre las variables evaluadas. Lo anterior exhorta a continuar evaluaciones en campo con aceites para elucidar la duración de los efectos descritos.