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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) mostly follows a painful, progressively disabling course, and individuals with RA experience more psychological distress than healthy individuals. The objective of the present study is to examine the prevalences of accompanying anxiety and depression in RA cases. The study included 82 RA cases and 41 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers as the control group. Psychiatric examinations of all cases of the patient and control groups were performed according to DSM-IV criteria. Hamilton Anxiety Scale or Hamilton Depression Scale was applied to those who were found to have anxiety or depression. Total prevalence of anxiety, depression, and mixed anxiety-depressive disorder was found to be 70.8% (n=58) in the patient group and 7.3% (n=3) in the control group, and the difference was significant (p<0.001). Of the RA patients, 41.5% (n=34) was found to have depression, 13.4% (n=11) anxiety, and 15.9% (n=13) mixed anxiety-depressive disorder. The disease duration in patients with anxiety was shorter than the RA patient with depression (p<0.05). The disease duration was positively correlated with the degree of depression and negatively correlated with the degree of anxiety (r=0.341, p<0.05; r=-0.642, p<0.05, respectively). The results of our study suggest that prevalences of anxiety and mainly depression, increase in RA cases. When the clinical picture in RA cases becomes complicated with anxiety or depression, some problems at patients' adaptation and response to treatment may be possible. RA cases should be monitored for accompanying anxiety or depression during follow-up.

Purpose The study aims to explore the relationship between orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and thalamus volumes and metacognition in patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). By analyzing structural MRI data and metacognitive measures, it investigates how brain volume variations correlate with dysfunctional beliefs and OCD symptoms. Method The study consisted of 20 patients with OCD and 20 healthy controls. Yale‐Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale (Y‐BOCS), Metacognition Questionnaire‐30 (MCQ‐30), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM‐D), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM‐A) were administered to OCD patients and healthy controls. They then underwent structural MRI scans to measure the volume of the OFC and thalamus. Finding On both sides, OCD patients had smaller volumes of OFC than healthy control individuals, and their thalamic volumes were similar to those of the control participants. Furthermore, MCQ‐30 scores showed a substantial negative correlation with left OFC volume. Conclusion In conclusion, we suggest that dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs might be related to the occurrence of OCD, and these beliefs might be associated with the left side of OFC neuroanatomically. This study investigates the interplay between metacognitive processes and the neuroanatomical characteristics of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and thalamus in obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). Findings suggest that reduced OFC volumes and specific metacognitive dysfunctions are closely linked to OCD symptoms, highlighting the critical role of these brain regions in understanding and potentially addressing the cognitive mechanisms underlying OCD.

Aims: In the present study, it was hypothesised that compared to healthy control subjects, significant differences in the cortical thickness of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) region of the brain, which is relevant to both impulsivity and decision making, would be identified. Methods: The subject groups included in the study were composed of 15 individuals who met the criteria for alcohol use disorder, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM 5) diagnostic criteria based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM 5 (SCID), and were admitted to the Firat University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry or were hospitalised, and 17 healthy control comparisons were made. The volumes of and cortical thickness of the OFC were measured in the subjects. Results: It was found that patients with alcohol use disorder had reduced volumes of the OFC bilaterally and a thinner cortical thickness of the same region bilaterally compared to those of the healthy control comparisons. Conclusions: Consequently, it is suggested that the OFC region of the brain appears to be statistically significantly smaller in patients with alcohol use disorder, both in terms of cortical thickness and volume, compared to healthy controls. Future research should focus on the status of these relationships longitudinally and should assess the causality of the association with the treatment response.

Duloxetine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is used for diabetic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia as well as major depressive disorder. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors may lead to increased blood pressure via their noradrenergic effects in addition to their cardiovascular side effects. In this paper, we report a case with increased blood pressure after the initiation of duloxetine that recovered by discontinuation of the medication.

Objective: We aimed to examine whether clinical similarity might also reflect to neuroanatomical regions of the brain, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and thalamus which seem to be important in the neuroanatomy of OCD and hypochondriasis. Methods: Volumes of OFC and thalamus were measured in eighteen patients and the same number of healthy control subjects. Manual tracing method was used when measured. Results: The mean left and right sides of volumes of the OFC were statistically significantly smaller than those of healthy control subjects whereas both sides of thalamus volumes were statistically significantly larger than those of healthy ones. When an ANCOVA, with the covariates of age, gender, and total brain volumes as covariates, was performed, we seen that statistical significance showing that the OFC volumes were reduced in patients with delusional disorder compared to those of healthy control subjects and that thalamus volumes were greater in the patient group than those of healthy comparisons were maintained Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that patients with the delusional disorder had statistically significantly smaller volumes of the OFC and greater thalamus volumes compared to those of healthy control ones on both sides. As hypothesized by us, the clinical similarity was also reflected in neuroanatomical regions of the brain, OFC and thalamus which seem to be important in the neuroanatomy of OCD and hypochondriasis. However, our results require replication.

In the present study, it was aimed to examine thyroid functions in a group of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) who had not any comorbid conditions. Methods: Our present study included forty patients diagnosed with OCD and forty healthy controls. The subjects were selected by the chart reviews among the patients with OCD who had applied to the Firat University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, as inpatients or outpatients and had met the criteria of the present investigation. Thyroid hormone values had been obtained by using an auto analyzer. Results: Independent t test revealed that there were no statistically significant differences thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) values between the patients with OCD and healthy control subjects whereas there were statistically significant reduced levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) hormones in the patient group compared to those of healthy ones. Conclusion: Consequently, altered levels of thyroid hormones may be associated with pathophysiology or at least maintenance of OCD

In the present study, we focused on the key brain regions, OFC and thalamus, to investigate the roles of antiobsessional agents on volume changes of these brain regions after 12 weeks of anti-obsessional treatment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Fourteen patients with OCD and the same number of healthy controls were included in the study. At baseline, the volumes of the OFC and thalamus were compared by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between groups. The volumes of OFC and thalamus were evaluated before and after the anti-obsessional drug treatment solely in the patient group. Our study revealed that thalamus volumes were reduced statistically significantly throughout the treatment period. However, we found that OFC volumes did not change statistically significantly throughout the treatment period. In summary, our study found that anti-obsessional drug treatment had an effect on thalamus volumes throughout the treatment period for both sides but not on OFC volumes. However, future studies with larger sample are required.

Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), with antidepressant and anxiolytic characteristics. In association with paroxetine cessation, certain side effects can be observed frequently, including dizziness, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, headache, anxiety, insomnia, and irritability. Paroxetine-induced peripheral edema has been reported. However, there has been no report on peripheral edema related to paroxetine cessation. Here, we report a case who developed peripheral edema related to paroxetine discontinuation and whose peripheral edema disappeared after resumption of the paroxetine treatment.

A 67-year-old male suffering from depressive symptomatology was admitted to the inpatient clinic at Firat University School of Medicine; and his psychiatric evaluation revealed major depressive episode according to DSM-IV. He developed chest discomfort, chest pain and shortness of breath of acute onset accompanying pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) leading to cardiac arrest following sertraline and mirtazapine combination treatment. He died after two days in the Intensive Care Unit. The present case suggests that psychiatrists should be aware of unexpected cardiac events, especially when they use combination treatments.

Haloperidol is an antipsychotic which is widely used in emergency and psychiatry units. Sometimes, it is encountered some serious complications associated with haloperidol use, particularly haloperidol induced cardiac ones. In literature, life-threatening arrhythmias have been reported as case reports. Here, we report a case who had haloperidol-induced cardiopulmonary arrest.