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Background This study aimed to assess health care needs, electronic health literacy, mobile phone usage, and intention to use it for self-management purposes by informal caregivers of children with burn injuries. Methods This cross-sectional research was carried out in 2021 with 112 informal caregivers of children with burns in a burn center in the north of Iran. The data collection tools were questionnaires that included the participants’ demographics, their E-Health Literacy, their current mobile phone usage, and their desires for mobile phone use for burn care services. Results Most informal caregivers had smartphones (83.0%) and Internet access (81.3%). Most participants occasionally used phone calls (63.4%), the Internet (45.5%), and social media (42.9) to receive information about psychosocial disorders, infection control, wound care, pain, itch, physical exercise, and feeding. Most participants have never used some of the mobile phone functionalities to receive burn-related information, such as applications/Software (99.1%) and e-mail (99.1%). Nevertheless, most informal caregivers desire to use mobile applications for self-management purposes in the future (88.4%). The mean eHealth literacy score was 25.01 (SD = 9.61). Informal caregivers who had higher education levels, access to the Internet, and lived in urban areas had higher eHealth literacy (P < 001). Conclusion The current research delivers beneficial information about the healthcare needs of informal caregivers and their preference to use mobile functionality to receive burns-related healthcare and rehabilitation information post-discharge. This information can help design and implement mobile health (mHealth) interventions to enhance the self-care skills of informal caregivers.

The increasing number of immigrant and older adult populations in Canada is reflected among racialized groups. Migrating to a new country at an older age, language barriers, financial concerns and immigration policies present challenges for connecting to the community. Many racialized immigrant older adults (RIOAs) experience challenges related to engaging in and feeling a sense of belonging in the community. This scoping review maps out and summarizes evidence on the impact of the environment on RIOAs' social connections and belongingness in Canada. Ageline, CINAHL, Medline (Ovid), APA PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database, the Cochrane Database and ProQuest Dissertation & Theses Global were searched for peer-reviewed articles. Articles were included if they were published in English within the last 12 years, focused on RIOAs (non-White and non-Indigenous individuals aged 55 years and above) and reported on their connectedness and/or sense of belonging in Canada. Qualitative content analysis was used to code the data, the interpretation of which was guided by the social ecological model. Thirty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria, and five interrelated categories were identified: (1) Intrapersonal Level: RIOAs' characteristics, expectations and choice of living arrangement; (2) Interpersonal Level: Meaning of social connection and experience of support; (3) Organizational Level: RIOAs' experience with institutions in Canada; (4) Community Level: RIOAs' experience in their neighbourhood; and (5) Public Policy Level: Poverty and retirement in Canada. Interconnected factors that affect RIOAs' social connectedness and sense of belonging in Canada include personal characteristics, family status, the neighbourhood in which they reside and policy implications. Considering the aforementioned factors in programme and policy development may inform how to better support this population in Canada. A collaborative effort from family members, neighbours, community members, organizations and policymakers is needed to facilitate RIOAs' engagement and sense of belonging in the community.

BACKGROUND: One of the most important steps in increasing the nurses' professional competence and consequently improving the quality of nursing care is to evaluate nurses' clinical competency and then take effective actions to enhance it. This study aimed at exploring the clinical competence of Iranian nurses and factors related to it. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database, and Iranmedex databases and Google Scholar search engine were searched to February 14, 2020. RESULTS: After screening, a total of 25 articles were included. In general, the level of clinical competence of Iranian nurses was at a desirable level. After meta-analysis of the mean score of nurses' clinical competence, the combined mean was 161.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 137.78-184.48; P < 0.001; I2 = 99.8%; P value for heterogeneity = P < 0.001) by the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses (CIRN) questionnaire. The summarized mean of clinical competency measured by the Nurse Competence Scale (NCS) questionnaire was 70.75 (95% CI: 60.80-80.70; P < 0.001; I2 = 99.9%; P value for heterogeneity = P < 0.001). Factors affecting nurses' clinical competence were age ≥33 years, nursing work experience ≥9 years, and a master's degree in nursing. However, the clinical competence of nurses had a significant negative relationship with job stress. CONCLUSION: The level of clinical competence of Iranian nurses was desirable. Studies that used the CIRN, reported the highest and lowest clinical competence in clinical care and professional development dimensions, respectively. Studies that used the NCS, reported the highest and lowest clinical competence in dimensions of work role and ensuring quality, respectively.

Background: The care of patients with acute and chronic illnesses requires nurses to fully understand the underlying pathophysiology associated with disease processes. Although mastering a pathophysiology course is a strong predictor of student success in nursing programs, it is a course with which students and new nurses most often struggle. Method: The authors describe a teaching innovation—visual narrative illustration (VNI)—and demonstrate how VNIs are used to teach complex pathophysiology concepts to nursing students. Results: The consistent positive feedback regarding the VNIs that have already been implemented in the pathophysiology course prompted the authors to systematically and formally study the impact of this innovative approach on student learning and knowledge retention. Conclusion: Use of VNI is an innovative teaching strategy that has the potential to augment other course materials and bridge some of the knowledge gaps that challenge nursing students from fully understanding pathophysiologic concepts. [Use of VNI is an innovative teaching strategy that has the potential to augment other course materials and bridge some of the knowledge gaps that challenge nursing students from fully understanding pathophysiologic concepts. [ J Nurs Educ. 2016;55(2):109–112.]

Objective This study explores the lived experiences of African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) individuals in Alberta living with HIV/AIDS and the issues they encounter when accessing services. Methods Interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) provided the underlying philosophy, data collection, and analysis methods. Participants self-identified after responding to recruitment posters posted at HIV/AIDS-supporting agencies in Alberta and on related social media pages. A total of 22 research informants were recruited and interviewed. Texts resulting from audio-taped interviews constituted data for analysis. Results Data analysis yielded four broad themes, with stigma, discrimination, and racism serving as common threads in the lived experiences of ACB individuals accessing HIV/AIDS services in Alberta. These themes were organized into four categories: (a) health literacy and empowerment, (b) non-belonging and invisibility, (c) barriers to care and adherence, and (d) psychosocial life impacts. Conclusion The findings suggest the need for greater sensitivity and knowledge among healthcare and service providers, such as providing culturally appropriate support services for the ACB population living with HIV/AIDS. Moreover, a comprehensive community awareness program is necessary to address discrimination, anti-Black racism, and stigma. Expanded efforts to recognize and mitigate barriers to care, such as poverty, accessibility, and settlement issues, are also critical. This perspective advocates for intentional policy and practice changes that focus on diversity, equity, and inclusivity in protocols governing how ACB individuals access HIV/AIDS care in Alberta.

This study aimed to assess the information-seeking behavior about COVID-19 among older adults in northern Iran. Two hundred-fifty three older adults living in Rasht, northern Iran, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Most older adults obtained information about COVID-19 from television, friends, and acquaintances. They relied less on special patient associations and the Ministry of Health telephone system. The use of social networks, the Ministry of Health telephone system, the Ministry of Health text message system, and friends and acquaintances for obtaining information about COVID-19 were significantly higher in people aged 60 to 70 years than in people aged >70 years. The use of newspapers/magazines to get information about COVID-19 was significantly higher in men than women. The use of websites, social networks, physicians, other health care workers, friends and acquaintances, newspapers/magazines, and special patients’ associations for obtaining information about COVID-19 was significantly higher in people with tertiary education than in others. Older adults were more satisfied receiving information about COVID-19 from nurses and physicians. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers and health managers pay special attention to developing health programs and social media programing to educate older adults about COVID-19 and access to the right media for accurate information.

This article describes a unique learning project designed to address the praxis gap between baccalaureate nursing students’ clinical learning and theoretic principles of collaborative practice on an acute medical–surgical unit in Canada. The study was framed by the active engagement model to provide second-year nursing students a nontraditional approach to develop their nursing practice. Clinical faculty partnered with medical–surgical nursing staff and eight baccalaureate nursing students to explore the experience of collaborative learning and stakeholders’ anticipated learning outcomes while working in dyads. A modified phenomenological approach was used in understanding the experience of dyadic learning through reflective journals, course evaluation data, and a semistructured exit interview for analysis. Four themes were revealed based on students’ reflection of their experience: work engagement, relational practice, autonomy, and empowerment. These themes underscore the strengths and opportunities associated with this nontraditional approach to clinical learning. [This article describes a unique learning project designed to address the praxis gap between baccalaureate nursing students’ clinical learning and theoretic principles of collaborative practice on an acute medical–surgical unit in Canada. The study was framed by the active engagement model to provide second-year nursing students a nontraditional approach to develop their nursing practice. Clinical faculty partnered with medical–surgical nursing staff and eight baccalaureate nursing students to explore the experience of collaborative learning and stakeholders’ anticipated learning outcomes while working in dyads. A modified phenomenological approach was used in understanding the experience of dyadic learning through reflective journals, course evaluation data, and a semistructured exit interview for analysis. Four themes were revealed based on students’ reflection of their experience: work engagement, relational practice, autonomy, and empowerment. These themes underscore the strengths and opportunities associated with this nontraditional approach to clinical learning. [ J Nurs Educ . 2014;53(9, Suppl.):S65–S72.]

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to summarise the effect of breathing exercise techniques (BET) on the pain and anxiety of burn patients during burn care. A systematic search was performed on international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, as well as on Iranian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database (SID) with keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as ‘Burns’, ‘Bandages’, ‘Pain’, ‘Pain management’, ‘Anxiety’, ‘Breathing’, and ‘Breathing exercise’, which were performed from the earliest to 4 April 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist assessed the quality of randomised control trials (RCTs) and quasi‐experimental studies. The current meta‐analysis was performed using STATA V.14.0 software. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine significance levels. Random effect model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD). A total of 469 burn patients participated in 10 studies. Exactly 58.60% of burn patients were male, and the number of people in the intervention and control groups was equal. The mean age of burn patients was 32.84 (SD = 10.39). Exactly 78.05% of patients had second‐degree burns. The mean study duration was 19 weeks. Results of analysis of RCT studies showed BET decreased insignificantly pain severity (WMD: −1.17, 95%CI: −2.54 to 0.21, Z = 1.66, P = .096, I2:97.1%) in the intervention group than control group. However, the results of non‐RCTs studies indicated BET significantly decreased pain (WMD: −1.38, 95%CI: −2.16 to −0.61, Z = 3.49, P < .001, I2:88.4%) and anxiety (WMD: −4.91, 95%CI: −9.35 to −0.47, Z = 2.71, P = .03 0.001, I2:88.4%) in the intervention group than control group. Overall, the results of RCTs found BET intervention decreased pain in the intervention group when compared with the control group; however, it was statistically insignificant. Also, results of non‐RCT studies showed intervention of BET significantly decreased pain and anxiety in burns patients. More RCTs studies are required for better judgement of the effectiveness of BET intervention in clinical settings.

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to examine the effects of massage therapy on pain and anxiety intensity in patients with burns. A comprehensive, systematic search was conducted in various international electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as ‘Massage therapy’, ‘Musculoskeletal manipulations’, ‘Acute pains’, ‘Burning pain’, and ‘Burn’ from the earliest to October 17, 2022. Cochran's tool is used to check the risk of bias for randomised clinical trial (RCT) articles. The methodological index for non‐randomised studies was used to assess the risk of bias in quasi‐experimental studies. STATA version 14 software was used to perform the meta‐analysis. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine statistical significance. Heterogeneity was investigated with I2. A P‐value less than .1 was considered statistically significant for publication bias value. A total of 733 patients with burns were included in seven studies. Five studies had an RCT design and two studies had a quasi‐experimental design. The duration of the study was reported in five studies, with a mean of 42.40 weeks. The duration of the intervention was reported in seven studies with a mean of 22.86 minutes. The results of the meta‐analysis showed using various types of massage therapy interventions significantly reduced pain intensity in the intervention group compared with the control group (weighted mean difference: −2.08, 95% CI: −2.55 to −1.62, Z = 8.77, I2: 67.1%, P < .001). Massage therapy intervention significantly reduced the intensity of anxiety in burn patients (standard mean difference: −7.07, 95% CI: −10.13 to −4.01, Z = 4.53, I2: 98.2, P < .001). Overall, the present systematic review and meta‐analysis showed that massage therapy can reduce the intensity of pain and anxiety in burn patients. Therefore, it is recommended that health managers and policymakers pay special attention to massage therapy as a simple, low‐cost, and efficient non‐pharmacological treatment to relieve pain and anxiety in burn patients.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the lived experiences of women without children experiencing housing instability and homelessness in Calgary, Canada; and narratives of what triggered their journeys were constructed according to the tenets of hermeneutic phenomenology, and suggest a framework for assisting these women. Design/methodology/approach – The design for this study is qualitative, approached through hermeneutic phenomenology rooted in Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutics (Gadamer, 2004). Hermeneutic phenomenology, as a research method has provided insight into understanding phenomena and human experiences that are important to human science professionals. Findings – The experience of homelessness for women without children started while they still lived at home, but after they lost all sense of “being at home” as a consequence of identifiable negative home experiences, such as abuse. The effects or impacts of stable childhood or adult home experiences and the implications of such in contributing to the feelings of homelessness were pervasive in the stories told by these women. Practical implications – Access to housing does not mean getting out of the feeling of homelessness, because the trauma that triggers the experience for the clients often last for a life time. Long-term engagement with the client will be synonymous to increasing the possibility that they can be stabilized permanently. Resources dedicated to these clients must be tailored to each client’s needs, with strong agency collaboration with the mainstream systems. Social implications – Community health nurses and other support workers for individuals experiencing homelessness need to build bridges with inter-professional groups to close the gap created by societal attitudes toward women and domestic abuse survivors through advocacy and education, especially in countries where women are still treated as second class citizens. Originality/value – Although there has been a considerable amount of research conducted on the determinants of homelessness and housing instabilities in women or their pathways into homelessness, the plight of women without children and their experiences while homeless have received little attention in literature. This study explored the lived experiences of women without children experiencing homelessness and narratives of what triggered their journeys were constructed according to the tenets of hermeneutic phenomenology, and suggest a framework for assisting these women.