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"Owens, Daniel"
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Tomb Raider library edition
\"Lara Croft embarks on a new globetrotting adventure, discovering a dangerous organization that's threatening her friends\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Vitamin D and the Athlete: Current Perspectives and New Challenges
The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in general interest in and research into vitamin D, with many athletes now taking vitamin D supplements as part of their everyday dietary regimen. The most recognized role of vitamin D is its regulation of calcium homeostasis; there is a strong relationship between vitamin D and bone health in non-athletic individuals. In contrast, data have consistently failed to demonstrate any relationship between serum 25[OH]D and bone health, which may in part be due to the osteogenic stimulus of exercise. Vitamin D may interact with extra-skeletal tissues such as muscle and the immune system to modulate recovery from damaging exercise and infection risk. Given that many athletes now engage in supplementation, often consuming extreme doses of vitamin D, it is important to assess whether excessive vitamin D can be detrimental to health. It has been argued that toxic effects only occur when serum 25[OH]D concentrations are greater than 180 nmol·l
−1
, but data from our laboratory have suggested high-dose supplementation could be problematic. Finally, there is a paradoxical relationship between serum 25[OH]D concentration, ethnicity, and markers of bone health: Black athletes often present with low serum 25[OH]D without physiological consequences. One explanation for this could be genetic differences in vitamin D binding protein due to ethnicity, resulting in greater concentrations of bioavailable (or free) vitamin D in some ethnic groups. In the absence of any pathology, screening may be unnecessary and could result in incorrect supplementation. Data must now be re-examined, taking into consideration bioavailable or “free” vitamin D in ethnically diverse groups to enable new thresholds and target concentrations to be established; perhaps, for now, it is time to “set vitamin D free”.
Journal Article
Deadly fable
\"The Might Beyond the Mirror, the great threat that Batman assembled the Justice League of America to stop, has finally arrived in the form of the Queen of Fables. With her reality-warping power, her intent is to take over the real world and the imaginary and rule over everything--and without Batman, does the Justice League stand a chance against her? Can their mysetrious new member, Promethea, help them? Or will reality crumble at the Queen's whim?\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
An exercise physiologist's guide to metabolomics
The field of exercise physiology has undergone significant technological advancements since the pioneering works of exercise physiologists in the early to mid‐20th century. Historically, the ability to detect metabolites in biofluids from exercising participants was limited to single‐metabolite analyses. However, the rise of metabolomics, a discipline focused on the comprehensive analysis of metabolites within a biological system, has facilitated a more intricate understanding of metabolic pathways and networks in exercise. This review explores some of the pivotal technological and bioinformatic advancements that have propelled metabolomics to the forefront of exercise physiology research. Metabolomics offers a unique ‘fingerprint’ of cellular activity, offering a broader spectrum than traditional single‐metabolite assays. Techniques, including mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, have significantly improved the speed and sensitivity of metabolite analysis. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including study design and data interpretation issues. This review aims to serve as a guide for exercise physiologists to facilitate better research design, data analysis and interpretation within metabolomics. The potential of metabolomics in bridging the gap between genotype and phenotype is emphasised, underscoring the critical importance of careful study design and the selection of appropriate metabolomics techniques. Furthermore, the paper highlights the need to deeply understand the broader scientific context to discern meaningful metabolic changes. The emerging field of fluxomics, which seeks to quantify metabolic reaction rates, is also introduced as a promising avenue for future research. What is the topic of this review? The integration of metabolomics in exercise physiology. What advances does it highlight? Technolgical advances in the study of metabolites, with particular relevance to exercise.
Journal Article
Justice League Rebirth deluxe edition
\"Exploding from the pages of the blockbuster DC Universe Rebirth event, this deluxe edition collects the first eleven issues of the acclaimed series and the Rebirth special that started it, all together in one hardcover volume for the first time! Superman. Batman. Wonder Woman. The Flash. Cyborg. Green Lantern. They're more than just a team of superheroes. They're the Justice League...and they're about to enter a whole new era! The Superman these incredible heroes once knew is dead, leaving an older, wiser Man of Steel from a vanished universe to take up the fight against evil. Hal Jordan, the greatest of the Green Lanterns, has taken to the stars, entrusting his place in the League to his powerful but untested young proteges, Jessica Cruz and Simon Baz. Now the Justice League must get used to these new faces and learn to work as a team once more. But they'd better do it fast. They're about to confront the biggest threats they've ever faced, from godlike machines capable of converting all life on Earth into a weapon, to a humble hacker who's ready to hit them where it hurts most.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Three weeks of a home-based “sleep low-train low” intervention improves functional threshold power in trained cyclists: A feasibility study
\"Sleep Low-Train Low\" is a training-nutrition strategy intended to purposefully reduce muscle glycogen availability around specific exercise sessions, potentially amplifying the training stimulus via augmented cell signalling. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a 3-week home-based \"sleep low-train low\" programme and its effects on cycling performance in trained athletes. Fifty-five trained athletes (Functional Threshold Power [FTP]: 258 ± 52W) completed a home-based cycling training program consisting of evening high-intensity training (6 x 5 min at 105% FTP), followed by low-intensity training (1 hr at 75% FTP) the next morning, three times weekly for three consecutive weeks. Participant's daily carbohydrate (CHO) intake (6 g·kg.sup.-1 ·d.sup.-1) was matched but timed differently to manipulate CHO availability around exercise: no CHO consumption post- HIT until post-LIT sessions [Sleep Low (SL), n = 28] or CHO consumption evenly distributed throughout the day [Control (CON), n = 27]. Sessions were monitored remotely via power data uploaded to an online training platform, with performance tests conducted pre-, post-intervention. LIT exercise intensity reduced by 3% across week 1, 3 and 2% in week 2 (P < 0.01) with elevated RPE in SL vs. CON (P < 0.01). SL enhanced FTP by +5.5% vs. +1.2% in CON (P < 0.01). Comparable increases in 5-min peak power output (PPO) were observed between groups (P < 0.01) with +2.3% and +2.7% in SL and CON, respectively (P = 0.77). SL 1-min PPO was unchanged (+0.8%) whilst CON improved by +3.9% (P = 0.0144). Despite reduced relative training intensity, our data demonstrate short-term \"sleep low-train low\" intervention improves FTP compared with typically \"normal\" CHO availability during exercise. Importantly, training was completed unsupervised at home (during the COVID-19 pandemic), thus demonstrating the feasibility of completing a \"sleep low-train low\" protocol under non-laboratory conditions.
Journal Article
Lamin-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Alters Mechanical Signaling and Skeletal Muscle Growth
Laminopathies are a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes the nuclear envelope proteins lamins A and C. The most frequent diseases associated with LMNA mutations are characterized by skeletal and cardiac involvement, and include autosomal dominant Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B, and LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (LMNA-CMD). Although the exact pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for LMNA-CMD are not yet understood, severe contracture and muscle atrophy suggest that mutations may impair skeletal muscle growth. Using human muscle stem cells (MuSCs) carrying LMNA-CMD mutations, we observe impaired myogenic fusion with disorganized cadherin/β catenin adhesion complexes. We show that skeletal muscle from Lmna-CMD mice is unable to hypertrophy in response to functional overload, due to defective fusion of activated MuSCs, defective protein synthesis and defective remodeling of the neuromuscular junction. Moreover, stretched myotubes and overloaded muscle fibers with LMNA-CMD mutations display aberrant mechanical regulation of the yes-associated protein (YAP). We also observe defects in MuSC activation and YAP signaling in muscle biopsies from LMNA-CMD patients. These phenotypes are not recapitulated in closely related but less severe EDMD models. In conclusion, combining studies in vitro, in vivo, and patient samples, we find that LMNA-CMD mutations interfere with mechanosignaling pathways in skeletal muscle, implicating A-type lamins in the regulation of skeletal muscle growth.
Journal Article
Acute heat stress amplifies exercise‐induced metabolomic perturbations and reveals variation in circulating amino acids in endurance‐trained males
New Findings What is the central question of this study? Whole‐body substrate utilisation is altered during exercise in hot environments, characterised by increased glycolytic metabolism: does heat stress alter the serum metabolome in response to high intensity exercise? What are the main finding and its importance? Alongside increases in glycolytic metabolite abundance, circulating amino acid concentrations are reduced following exercise under heat stress. Prior research has overlooked the impact of heat stress on protein metabolism during exercise, raising important practical implications for protein intake recommendations in the heat. Using untargeted metabolomics, we aimed to characterise the systemic impact of environmental heat stress during exercise. Twenty‐three trained male triathletes (V̇O2peak ${\\dot V_{{{\\rm{O}}_2}{\\rm{peak}}}$ = 64.8 ± 9.2 ml kg min−1) completed a 30‐min exercise test in hot (35°C) and temperate (21°C) conditions. Venous blood samples were collected immediately pre‐ and post‐exercise, and the serum fraction was assessed via untargeted 1H‐NMR metabolomics. Data were analysed via uni‐ and multivariate analyses to identify differences between conditions. Mean power output was higher in temperate (231 ± 36 W) versus hot (223 ± 31 W) conditions (P < 0.001). Mean heart rate (temperate, 162 ± 10 beats min−1, hot, 167 ± 9 beats min−1, P < 0.001), peak core temperature (Trec), core temperature change (ΔTrec) (P < 0.001) and peak rating of perceived exertion (P = 0.005) were higher in hot versus temperate conditions. Change in metabolite abundance following exercise revealed distinct clustering following multivariate analysis. Six metabolites increased (2‐hydroxyvaleric acid, acetate, alanine, glucarate, glucose, lactate) in hot relative to temperate (P < 0.05) conditions. Leucine and lysine decreased in both conditions but to a greater extent in temperate conditions (P < 0.05). Citrate (P = 0.04) was greater in temperate conditions whilst creatinine decreased in hot conditions only (P > 0.05). Environmental heat stress increased glycolytic metabolite abundance and led to distinct alterations in the circulating amino acid availability, including increased alanine, glutamine, leucine and isoleucine. The data highlight the need for additional exercise nutrition and metabolism research, specifically focusing on protein requirements for exercise under heat stress.
Journal Article
Allelopathy in tropical and subtropical species
The ability of certain plants to synthesize allelochemicals that disrupt the germination, development, reproduction and/or survival of organisms that compete with them for resources has been observed in a variety of environments worldwide. Tropical and subtropical regions are particularly conducive to the evolution of allelopathic survival strategies as the relatively constant temperatures and mild frost-free winters produce a hospitable year-round growing season. This allows for the proliferation of a large variety of species and leads to fierce competition for sunlight, nutrients, water and other resources. Allelopathy provides an advantage to invasive species allowing for increased competitiveness and fitness over native and agricultural species in a variety of different habitats. Herein, the diversity and known action mechanisms of allelopathic compounds with a focus on tropical and subtropical communities is reviewed. Furthermore, the current and future prospect of utilizing and developing these allelopathic chemicals as weed control options is discussed.
Journal Article
Biochemical Markers and Enzyme Assays for Herbicide Mode of Action and Resistance Studies
Herbicides inhibit biochemical and physiological processes or both with lethal consequences. The target sites of these small molecules are usually enzymes involved in primary metabolic pathways or proteins carrying out essential physiological functions. Herbicides tend to be highly specific for their respective target sites and have served as tools to study these physiological and biochemical processes in plants (Dayan et al. 2010b).
Journal Article