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ABSTRACT Phytate is an important antinutritional component of legume seeds, which chelates minerals that are essential to the human diet such as iron and zinc. Phytate levels are often correlated with total seed phosphorus (P). The objective of this research was to evaluate quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed P and phytate content in an inter‐gene pool (G2333 × G19839) recombinant inbred line population of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) planted at medium and high levels of soil P in randomized complete block experiments. Seed P and phytate content were quantified with spectrophotometric methods based on acid digestion with molybdenum blue and Wade reagents, respectively, and net seed P and net phytate content were calculated on a per‐seed basis using seed weights for each experiment. Total seed P varied from 2.8 to 6.1 g kg−1 and phytates varied from 0.29 to 1.78% across fertilization levels. A total of six QTL were found for total or net seed P, while three were found for percentage or net seed phytates. The QTL for seed P and percent phytates were located independently on linkage groups B2 and B11 vs. B6, respectively. Meanwhile, the QTL for net seed P or phytate content were related to seed weight QTL on linkage groups B6, B7, and B10, with one additional net phytate QTL on B5. The results suggest that bean plants can adapt to different initial supplies of P and that seed P and phytate levels in common bean can be modified through plant breeding.

Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world’s rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

La presente es una investigación aplicada efectuada en un contexto formativo de orientación sistémica en posgrado, que buscó identificar algunos factores que propician, a terapeutas y consultores, tanto docentes como estudiantes en formación, el tránsito de un pensamiento lineal a un pensamiento circular, característico del quehacer sistémico, que opera mediante bucles de retroalimentación para potenciar el cambio. Metodología: se realizó mediante grupos focales y entrevistas a profundidad, en escenarios conversacionales reflexivos. Participantes: tres docentes orientadoras de seminarios teórico-prácticos y siete estudiantes de la Especialización en Psicoterapia y Consultoría Sistémica de la Universidad de Manizales. Resultados: se identificaron tres novedades en las experiencias de los psicólogos sistémicamente orientados: el pensamiento lineal y el circular no se vislumbran aislados ni excluyentes, puede transitarse de uno a otro; ello se constituye en una aventura propiciada por la necesidad de articular los dilemas humanos en un contexto de responsabilidad relacional, que implica la autorreferencia del interventor. Los participantes coinciden en factores básicos y relevan la transversalización de la esfera cognitiva, emocional y la pragmática en dicho tránsito, además, resaltan un movimiento novedoso al momento de sumergirse en lógicas de carácter circular.

Introduction: Emotional intelligence is a decisive factor for adaptation to the work environment.Objective: To inquire into the employment location and the correlation between perceived quality of work life, emotional intelligence and stress coping strategies in graduates of a university from Manizales.Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional design. From a population of 1 245 graduates, 149 were asked about their working conditions using the CVP35 questionnaire on quality of work life, the TMMS-24 questionnaire on emotional intelligence, and the CRI-Y questionnaire on stress coping strategies.Results: 88.6% of the respondents work; 51.7% of them have a full-time job. In the CVP35, 53% of the participants were classified in the “quite a lot” category for the workload domain, 63.1% for the intrinsic motivation domain, 51.7% for the managerial support domain, and 4% for the perceived quality of life domain. Regarding the TMMS-24 questionnaire, 59.1% should improve their perception, 48.3% have an adequate level of comprehension, and 51% have adequate regulation. The level of emotional intelligence positively influences both the perception of quality of work life (QWL) and the type of stress coping strategies that are used.Conclusions: Emotional intelligence has a significant influence on young professionals’ perception of QWL, and thus on their work performance; therefore, their comprehensive training requires the inclusion of emotional competences in the different curricula in order to counteract the negative effects of work stress to improve their perception of QWL, so that, this way, they have a better work performance and a higher productivity when they enter the labor market.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre las narrativas referentes a los roles desempeñados por los caciques y por el comunitarismo político de los Nasa durante el tiempo de la colonia. El objetivo de esta indagación es rastrear y analizar las formas en las que se han ido construyendo posibles nociones y asociaciones semánticas con el término de autonomía indígena. Es un trabajo de análisis documental centrado en el estudio de textos históricos, políticos e investigativos sobre el periodo colonial. Presta especial atención al análisis de publicaciones de intelectuales Nasa que han escrito sobre la historia política de su pueblo. Este artículo está organizado de la siguiente manera. En primer lugar, presenta un examen de las narrativas sobre la organización precolonial de los Nasa. En segundo lugar, expone las dinámicas conflictivas de defensa territorial indígena durante el tiempo de conquista anterior al dominio español. Tercero, examina el papel de los caciques coloniales y de las dinámicas comunitarias como posibles elementos de cohesión en las luchas políticas y territoriales y en la reclamación por un concepto propio de autonomía Nasa durante la colonia. En relatos sobre las disputas históricas del pueblo indígena Nasa de Colombia, la autonomía surge como reclamo identitario que prevalece en el tiempo. A pesar de las luchas históricas del pueblo Nasa por identificarse a través de la autonomía, este concepto no ha tenido desarrollos homogéneos, ni dentro de su historia, ni dentro de la complejidad de sus concepciones políticas.

In this study, chemometric and spatial interpolation methods were employed to characterize non-conventional pollutants in the atmosphere of Santiago de Cali, Colombia. The pollutants were monitored using passive diffusion samplers during two distinct periods (January to February and March to April) in the two years after the pandemic (2021 and 2022). None of the monitored cases exceeded the concentration limits established by the National Air Quality Standard. Cluster analysis revealed distinct groups, categorizing sites into low, medium, and high pollutant influence. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was employed to condense all variables into two primary constituents. The first component (PC1) serves as an indicator of mobile pollutant sources due to the consistent contribution of pollutants. Conversely, the second component (PC2) indicates punctual emissions of toluene, which made the most significant contribution. Spatial analysis demonstrated that downtown and the northern region of the city were highly influenced by PC1, with a substantial decrease in its effects towards the periphery, particularly the south. Utilizing Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), we identified hotspots for both PCs, notably in areas undergoing real estate construction and the downtown industrial sector. Finally, our analysis revealed a cancer risk in the downtown and northeast areas of the city, associated with exposure to benzene and ethylbenzene. This observation aligns with the region of incidence indicated by PC1.

Four artificial soils (AS) were prepared based on a mixture of humus, bentonite, kaolinite, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), as inert matter, in the following proportion: 0%, 12.44%, 37.50%, 78.55% of humus, 10.5% of bentonite, 10.5% of kaolinite, and 78.92%, 66.26%, and 41.46% of PVC. The AS were prepared with variable content of organic matter (OM) in order to evaluate the retention of lead (II) due solely to the content of OM. The results indicated that retention capacity of Pb+2 increases (19.74 mg/g, 20.89 mg/g, 61.61 mg/g, and 79.48 mg/g) as OM increases (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%); however, this retention is not proportional to the OM increment. An increase of background solution concentration of 0.01 M to 0.1 M resulted in a 50% decrease in the lead retention capacity. The fitting of lead adsorption was performed by the regression coefficient (R2). All R2 of the Langmuir model fit successfully to all types of AS (0.973 for 10-OM, 0.9845 for 5-OM, 0.999 for 1-OM, 0.994 for 0-OM). The adsorption kinetics also fits well to the pseudo-second-order model (R210-OM = 0.989, R25-OM = 0.999, R21-OM = 0.999, and R20-OM = 0.999). The thermodynamic values of the Gibbs free energy (ΔG010-OM =  − 10.62, ΔG05-OM =  − 11.50, ΔG01-OM =  − 14.23, and ΔG00-OM =  − 17.06) indicated that it was a spontaneous process, and the energy of the process suggests a retention mechanism by ion exchange. A soil with high content of OM does not guarantee high retention of lead, even more so when the adsorption mechanism is given by ion exchange.

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre variables familiares (funcionalidad familiar, satisfacción familiar y tipología familiar) y conductas adictivas (consumo de alcohol, sustancias psicoactivas ilícitas, adicción a internet), en estudiantes de pregrado de una universidad de Manizales. Método: estudio transversal analítico, en muestra representativa de 318 estudiantes. Se cuantifican variables demográficas, y familiares: funcionalidad familiar (APGAR familiar), satisfacción familiar (cuestionario de OLSON) y conductas adictivas consumo de alcohol (cuestionario AUDIT), consumo problemático de drogas (cuestionario DAST) y adicción a INTERNET (cuestionario de LIMA). Resultados: Predomina la familia nuclear 40,3%, la disfunción familiar leve, 38,7%, promedio de 71,27 (máximo 100) de satisfacción familiar, 80,3% consumen alcohol con 42,6% de consumo riesgoso, 21,5% consumen sustancias psicoactivas, 1,6% presentan consumo riesgoso, en promedio 39,85 (máximo 100) de adicción a INTERNET. Solo se encuentran relaciones significativas para consumo de drogas y alcohol con la convivencia con hermanos, para el caso de adicción a INTERNET con tipología familiar. Conclusiones: los resultados sugieren que, en esta etapa del ciclo vital de adolescencia final y adulto joven, en proceso de separación-individuación e independencia de las figuras parentales, inciden otros factores diferentes al familiar, como serían las redes sociales, grupos de amigos, micro cultura juvenil y componentes individuales.

This is an applied research carried out in a formative context of systemic orientation in postgraduate studies. The objective was to identify some factors that favor the transition from a linear thinking to a circular one characteristic of the systemic task, which operates through feedback loops to enhance change, in therapists and consultants, both teachers and students in training. Methodology: It was carried out through focus groups and indepth interviews in reflective conversational settings. Participants: three lecturers of theoretical-practical seminars and seven students of the Specialization in Psychotherapy and Systemic Consultancy of the University of Manizales. Results: Three novelties were identified in the experiences of systemically oriented psychologists: linear and circular thinkings do not appear isolated or exclusive, they can be transposed from one to another. This constitutes an adventure facilitated by the need to articulate human dilemmas in a context of relational responsibility, which implies the self-reference of the intervener. Participants agree on basic factors and relieve the mainstreaming from the cognitive, emotional, and pragmatic sphere in this transit, also, highlight an innovative movement at the time of immersing in logics of circular nature. La presente es una investigación aplicada efectuada en un contexto formativo de orientación sistémica en posgrado, que buscó identificar algunos factores que propician, a terapeutas y consultores, tanto docentes como estudiantes en formación, el tránsito de un pensamiento lineal a un pensamiento circular, característico del quehacer sistémico, que opera mediante bucles de retroalimentación para potenciar el cambio. Metodología: se realizó mediante grupos focales y entrevistas a profundidad, en escenarios conversacionales reflexivos. Participantes: tres docentes orientadoras de seminarios teórico-prácticos y siete estudiantes de la Especialización en Psicoterapia y Consultoría Sistémica de la Universidad de Manizales. Resultados: se identificaron tres novedades en las experiencias de los psicólogos sistémicamente orientados: el pensamiento lineal y el circular no se vislumbran aislados ni excluyentes, puede transitarse de uno a otro; ello se constituye en una aventura propiciada por la necesidad de articular los dilemas humanos en un contexto de responsabilidad relacional, que implica la autorreferencia del interventor. Los participantes coinciden en factores básicos y relevan la transversalización de la esfera cognitiva, emocional y la pragmática en dicho tránsito, además, resaltan un movimiento novedoso al momento de sumergirse en lógicas de carácter circular. Está é uma pesquisa aplicada realizada em um contexto de formação de orientação sistêmica na pós-graduação, que procurou identificar os fatores que levam, terapeutas e consultores, professores e alunos em formação, o trânsito de um pensamento linear a um pensamento circular, característico de trabalho sistêmico, que opera através de ciclos de feedback para melhorar a mudança. Metodologia: foi realizada por meio de grupos focais e entrevistas em profundidade, em contextos conversacionais reflexivos. Participantes: três palestrantes de seminários teórico-práticos e sete alunos da pós-graduação em Psicoterapia e Consultoria Sistêmica da Universidade de Manizales. Resultados: três novidades foram identificadas nas experiências de psicólogos sistemicamente orientados: pensamento linear e circular não são vistos como isolados ou exclusivos, podem ser transpostos de um para outro; isto constitui uma aventura propiciada pela necessidade de articular dilemas humanos em um contexto de responsabilidade relacional, o que implica a auto-referência do interventor. Os participantes concordam em fatores básicos e modificam a transversalização da esfera cognitiva, emocional e pragmática em tais transito, também destacam um novo movimento ao momento de mergulhar em lógicas de caráter circular.

A controlled-release formulation (CRF) of the nematicide carbofuran (CAB) was prepared using ionically cross-linked chitosan (CHS). Four cross-linker agents were assessed, among which sulfate (SUL) obtained the highest encapsulation efficiency. Several parameters for the encapsulation of the pesticide were optimized, including pH, SUL/CHS molar ratio, stirring time, and stirring speed. The EE and the pesticide loading (PL) were 67% and 24%, respectively, in the optimized process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images for empty microparticles (EMP) showed a rough and porous surface, with particle size of 1023 nm, whereas the CRF surface was found to be smoother, with a particle size of 1127 nm. The release kinetics of CAB from CRF and commercial carbofuran (CC) were evaluated in water under laboratory conditions, and the release data were fitted to the generalized Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The results indicated that the release of CAB was accomplished by a diffusion-controlled process. The CAB release from CRF was slower than that from CC, and required 6 days for 70% release, whereas CC required 5 days for 100% delivery of the pesticide. A diffusion coefficient ( n ) of 0.603 was determined, meaning that delivery was not governed by Fick’s laws of diffusion, but by an anomalous transport mechanism.